NSG530 / NSG 530 Exam 3 (Latest ):
Advanced Pathophysiology | Review Guide with Questions
and Verified Answers | 100% Correct - Wilkes
Question 1
A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Which
condition should the nurse suspect?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
D) Hyperthyroidism
Answer: A) Diabetes mellitus
Explanation: The classic triad of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
is characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes insipidus presents
with polyuria and polydipsia but not polyphagia. SIADH presents with
water retention and hyponatremia. Hyperthyroidism may present
with weight loss and increased appetite but not typically polyuria
and polydipsia.
Question 2
A patient has a fasting blood glucose of 130 mg/dL. This finding is
,consistent with:
A) Normal glucose tolerance
B) Prediabetes
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Hypoglycemia
Answer: C) Diabetes mellitus
Explanation: A fasting blood glucose of 126 mg/dL or higher on two
separate occasions is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes is
defined as a fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL. Normal fasting
glucose is less than 100 mg/dL.
Question 3
Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A) Obesity
B) Family history
C) Physical inactivity
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Obesity, family history, and physical inactivity are all
risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Other risk factors include
age, ethnicity, and history of gestational diabetes.
,Question 4
Which of the following is a classic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA)?
A) Kussmaul respirations
B) Fruity breath odor
C) Abdominal pain
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: DKA is characterized by Kussmaul respirations (deep,
rapid breathing), fruity breath odor (due to acetone), abdominal
pain, nausea, vomiting, and hyperglycemia.
Question 5
What is the primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A) Insulin therapy
B) Fluid replacement
C) Electrolyte replacement
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Treatment for DKA includes insulin therapy, fluid
replacement, and electrolyte replacement (especially potassium).
, Question 6
Which of the following is a characteristic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
state (HHS)?
A) Severe hyperglycemia
B) Dehydration
C) Altered mental status
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: HHS is characterized by severe hyperglycemia (often
>600 mg/dL), dehydration, and altered mental status. It does not
typically present with ketoacidosis.
Question 7
What is the primary treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
(HHS)?
A) Insulin therapy
B) Fluid replacement
C) Electrolyte replacement
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Treatment for HHS includes insulin therapy, aggressive
fluid replacement, and electrolyte replacement.
Advanced Pathophysiology | Review Guide with Questions
and Verified Answers | 100% Correct - Wilkes
Question 1
A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Which
condition should the nurse suspect?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
D) Hyperthyroidism
Answer: A) Diabetes mellitus
Explanation: The classic triad of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
is characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes insipidus presents
with polyuria and polydipsia but not polyphagia. SIADH presents with
water retention and hyponatremia. Hyperthyroidism may present
with weight loss and increased appetite but not typically polyuria
and polydipsia.
Question 2
A patient has a fasting blood glucose of 130 mg/dL. This finding is
,consistent with:
A) Normal glucose tolerance
B) Prediabetes
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Hypoglycemia
Answer: C) Diabetes mellitus
Explanation: A fasting blood glucose of 126 mg/dL or higher on two
separate occasions is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes is
defined as a fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL. Normal fasting
glucose is less than 100 mg/dL.
Question 3
Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A) Obesity
B) Family history
C) Physical inactivity
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Obesity, family history, and physical inactivity are all
risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Other risk factors include
age, ethnicity, and history of gestational diabetes.
,Question 4
Which of the following is a classic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA)?
A) Kussmaul respirations
B) Fruity breath odor
C) Abdominal pain
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: DKA is characterized by Kussmaul respirations (deep,
rapid breathing), fruity breath odor (due to acetone), abdominal
pain, nausea, vomiting, and hyperglycemia.
Question 5
What is the primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A) Insulin therapy
B) Fluid replacement
C) Electrolyte replacement
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Treatment for DKA includes insulin therapy, fluid
replacement, and electrolyte replacement (especially potassium).
, Question 6
Which of the following is a characteristic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
state (HHS)?
A) Severe hyperglycemia
B) Dehydration
C) Altered mental status
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: HHS is characterized by severe hyperglycemia (often
>600 mg/dL), dehydration, and altered mental status. It does not
typically present with ketoacidosis.
Question 7
What is the primary treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
(HHS)?
A) Insulin therapy
B) Fluid replacement
C) Electrolyte replacement
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Treatment for HHS includes insulin therapy, aggressive
fluid replacement, and electrolyte replacement.
