ENT 201 Exam #3 Questions With Correct
Answers
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-negative response of the host to the
| | | | | | | | | |
agent (illness)
|
Agent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-pathogen responsible for infection
| | | | | | |
(virus, bacterium, etc.)
| |
Vector - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the organism (insect, mite, tick) that
| | | | | | | | |
transmits the agent from an infected host to non-infected host
| | | | | | | | |
Reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Host animal(s) that harbors
| | | | | | |
(maintains) the agent for long periods of time, often with no symptoms
| | | | | | | | | | | |
of the disease
| |
Mechanical Transmissions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Disease agent piggy-
| | | | | |
backs on vector, filthy flies and roaches (dysentary)
| | | | | | |
Biological Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-some part of disease
| | | | | | | |
agent's life cycle in vector, injected during blood meal or frass rubbed
| | | | | | | | | | | |
into bite, flies
| |
,Lyme Disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Discovered in U.S. in 1975, agent
| | | | | | | | | |
is the spiral-shaped bacteria, lots of kids in Lyme, Connecticut were
| | | | | | | | | | |
getting arthritis and this is how they figured out lyme disease. The most
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
important reservoir is the deer mouse (are not infected and can
| | | | | | | | | | |
maintain the disease for a long time), deer are more of an endpoint
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
instead of a reservoir. The vctor is the black-legged or deer tick. The
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
targets are humans and dogs (possibly horses and cows). Cycle - rodent
| | | | | | | | | | | |
gets it from an infected tick and passes it on when it gets bitten by a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
non-infected bug. Symptoms are fatigue, headache, stiff neck, muscle
| | | | | | | | |
ache, fever, chills, within 2 weeks. It is a bull's-eye rash on 50-80% of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
people within 30 days.
| | |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (thick typhus) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | |
Agent - bacteria-like microbe called rickettsia
| | | | |
Reservoir - wild and domestic animals (various sizes)
| | | | | | |
Vector - American dog tick
| | | |
Target - humans and dogs
| | | |
Symptoms - measle-like rash around wrists and ankles within a week
| | | | | | | | | |
Ehrlichioses - new to North Carolina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Agent -
| | | | | | | | | |
bacteria
Reservoir - probably white-tailed deer
| | | |
Vector - probably lone star tick
| | | | |
,Target - humans | |
Symptoms - fever, headache, muscle ache, nausea - but no rash. All
| | | | | | | | | | | |
nymphs and larvaes and adults bite like crazy.
| | | | | | |
"New" Tick-Borne Illness - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Galactose-alpha- 1,3 -
| | | | | | |
galactose is a sugar found in the meat of all mammals except Old World
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
monkeys and apes (we are apes...) Alpha-gal allergy: syndrome develops
| | | | | | | | |
after bite of lone-star tick which has previously fed on a non-ape
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
mammal
Delayed-onset symptoms common to food allergies, up to and including | | | | | | | | | |
anaphylaxis
Common in Southern U.S. | | |
Prevention and treatment (ticks) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Recognize
| | | | | | |
their tick habitat and host animals (small mammals that like brushy
| | | | | | | | | | |
areas/edges of fields). Wear light colored clothing, wear long sleeves
| | | | | | | | | |
and long pants, tuck your pant legs into your socks or take duck tape
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
and close your shirt and pant cuff. Keep the ticks on the outside. Use
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
repellants on your exposed skin (ex. Deet). Permethrin is the other
| | | | | | | | | | |
insecticide that will kill ticks and it is also highly repellent (NOT ON
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
YOUR SKIN - spray your clothing and let it dry on your clothing and then
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
put your clothing on. It binds with the fibers in the fabric (takes 7-8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
washes to get back out), check yourself regularly because ticks need to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
be attached for 6-12 hours before they can transmit the pathogen.
| | | | | | | | | |
, Tick Removal - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Sometimes it takes ticks years or
| | | | | | | | | |
months to find a host so they don't want to let go. It burries barbed
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
mouth parts in and glues itself in. Nail polish, alcohol, vaseline, and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
kerosine do NOT work. The best way is with foresips or tweezers. Grab it
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
from the side (parallel with your skin) and pull it slowly and steadily
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
until it lets go. Don't yank it off because the head will be in there and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
don't squeeze it because it'll release it's poison into you. Save the tick
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
because you need to know what day you removed the tick and what
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
kind of tick it is. For the next 2-3 weeks you need to be vigilant for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
symptoms of tick-borne illness. If you do get sick you can then bring it
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
with you to the doctor.
| | | |
Malaria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-greatest single killer of humanity
| | | | | | |
Agent - 4 different protozoans
| | | |
Reservoir - humans (only 1% infected die, rest are reservoir)
| | | | | | | | |
Vector - several Anopheles mosquitos
| | | |
Target - humans only (we are the reservoir), 40% of our population is at
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
risk
Four species of malaria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Native to old world,
| | | | | | | | |
Life Cycle of Malaria (Mosquito) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Biologically
| | | | | | | |
transmitted disease that must spend part of its life in the mosquito and
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
part of it in the human, when a mosquito bites an infected person they
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
get the disease but it slowly breaks it down. Malaria is then triggered
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Answers
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-negative response of the host to the
| | | | | | | | | |
agent (illness)
|
Agent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-pathogen responsible for infection
| | | | | | |
(virus, bacterium, etc.)
| |
Vector - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the organism (insect, mite, tick) that
| | | | | | | | |
transmits the agent from an infected host to non-infected host
| | | | | | | | |
Reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Host animal(s) that harbors
| | | | | | |
(maintains) the agent for long periods of time, often with no symptoms
| | | | | | | | | | | |
of the disease
| |
Mechanical Transmissions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Disease agent piggy-
| | | | | |
backs on vector, filthy flies and roaches (dysentary)
| | | | | | |
Biological Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-some part of disease
| | | | | | | |
agent's life cycle in vector, injected during blood meal or frass rubbed
| | | | | | | | | | | |
into bite, flies
| |
,Lyme Disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Discovered in U.S. in 1975, agent
| | | | | | | | | |
is the spiral-shaped bacteria, lots of kids in Lyme, Connecticut were
| | | | | | | | | | |
getting arthritis and this is how they figured out lyme disease. The most
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
important reservoir is the deer mouse (are not infected and can
| | | | | | | | | | |
maintain the disease for a long time), deer are more of an endpoint
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
instead of a reservoir. The vctor is the black-legged or deer tick. The
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
targets are humans and dogs (possibly horses and cows). Cycle - rodent
| | | | | | | | | | | |
gets it from an infected tick and passes it on when it gets bitten by a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
non-infected bug. Symptoms are fatigue, headache, stiff neck, muscle
| | | | | | | | |
ache, fever, chills, within 2 weeks. It is a bull's-eye rash on 50-80% of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
people within 30 days.
| | |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (thick typhus) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | |
Agent - bacteria-like microbe called rickettsia
| | | | |
Reservoir - wild and domestic animals (various sizes)
| | | | | | |
Vector - American dog tick
| | | |
Target - humans and dogs
| | | |
Symptoms - measle-like rash around wrists and ankles within a week
| | | | | | | | | |
Ehrlichioses - new to North Carolina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Agent -
| | | | | | | | | |
bacteria
Reservoir - probably white-tailed deer
| | | |
Vector - probably lone star tick
| | | | |
,Target - humans | |
Symptoms - fever, headache, muscle ache, nausea - but no rash. All
| | | | | | | | | | | |
nymphs and larvaes and adults bite like crazy.
| | | | | | |
"New" Tick-Borne Illness - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Galactose-alpha- 1,3 -
| | | | | | |
galactose is a sugar found in the meat of all mammals except Old World
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
monkeys and apes (we are apes...) Alpha-gal allergy: syndrome develops
| | | | | | | | |
after bite of lone-star tick which has previously fed on a non-ape
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
mammal
Delayed-onset symptoms common to food allergies, up to and including | | | | | | | | | |
anaphylaxis
Common in Southern U.S. | | |
Prevention and treatment (ticks) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Recognize
| | | | | | |
their tick habitat and host animals (small mammals that like brushy
| | | | | | | | | | |
areas/edges of fields). Wear light colored clothing, wear long sleeves
| | | | | | | | | |
and long pants, tuck your pant legs into your socks or take duck tape
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
and close your shirt and pant cuff. Keep the ticks on the outside. Use
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
repellants on your exposed skin (ex. Deet). Permethrin is the other
| | | | | | | | | | |
insecticide that will kill ticks and it is also highly repellent (NOT ON
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
YOUR SKIN - spray your clothing and let it dry on your clothing and then
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
put your clothing on. It binds with the fibers in the fabric (takes 7-8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
washes to get back out), check yourself regularly because ticks need to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
be attached for 6-12 hours before they can transmit the pathogen.
| | | | | | | | | |
, Tick Removal - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Sometimes it takes ticks years or
| | | | | | | | | |
months to find a host so they don't want to let go. It burries barbed
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
mouth parts in and glues itself in. Nail polish, alcohol, vaseline, and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
kerosine do NOT work. The best way is with foresips or tweezers. Grab it
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
from the side (parallel with your skin) and pull it slowly and steadily
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
until it lets go. Don't yank it off because the head will be in there and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
don't squeeze it because it'll release it's poison into you. Save the tick
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
because you need to know what day you removed the tick and what
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
kind of tick it is. For the next 2-3 weeks you need to be vigilant for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
symptoms of tick-borne illness. If you do get sick you can then bring it
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
with you to the doctor.
| | | |
Malaria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-greatest single killer of humanity
| | | | | | |
Agent - 4 different protozoans
| | | |
Reservoir - humans (only 1% infected die, rest are reservoir)
| | | | | | | | |
Vector - several Anopheles mosquitos
| | | |
Target - humans only (we are the reservoir), 40% of our population is at
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
risk
Four species of malaria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Native to old world,
| | | | | | | | |
Life Cycle of Malaria (Mosquito) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Biologically
| | | | | | | |
transmitted disease that must spend part of its life in the mosquito and
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
part of it in the human, when a mosquito bites an infected person they
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
get the disease but it slowly breaks it down. Malaria is then triggered
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
