NSG530 / NSG 530 Exam 2 (Latest ):
Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with Verified
Answers | 100% Correct - Wilkes
Question 1
Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A) Hypoxia
B) Chemical injury
C) Infectious injury
D) Physical injury
Answer: A) Hypoxia
Explanation: Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) is the most common cause of
cellular injury. It leads to ATP depletion, which disrupts cellular
function and can cause cell death.
Question 2
What is the primary mechanism of cell injury in hypoxia?
A) ATP depletion
B) Free radical formation
C) Calcium influx
D) All of the above
,Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Hypoxia causes ATP depletion, which leads to failure of
the sodium-potassium pump, calcium influx, and free radical
formation, all contributing to cell injury.
Question 3
Which of the following is a reversible form of cell injury?
A) Necrosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Cellular swelling
D) All of the above
Answer: C) Cellular swelling
Explanation: Cellular swelling is a reversible form of cell injury.
Necrosis and apoptosis are forms of cell death.
Question 4
What is the primary characteristic of necrosis?
A) Inflammation
B) Cell shrinkage
C) DNA fragmentation
D) Energy-dependent
Answer: A) Inflammation
Explanation: Necrosis is characterized by inflammation, cell swelling,
,and rupture of the cell membrane. Apoptosis is characterized by cell
shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, and is energy-dependent.
Question 5
What is the primary characteristic of apoptosis?
A) Inflammation
B) Cell shrinkage
C) Cell rupture
D) Energy-independent
Answer: B) Cell shrinkage
Explanation: Apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, DNA
fragmentation, and is energy-dependent. It does not cause
inflammation.
Question 6
Which of the following is a type of necrosis?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, and fibrinoid are
all types of necrosis.
, Question 7
What is coagulative necrosis?
A) Necrosis where tissue structure is preserved
B) Necrosis where tissue is liquefied
C) Necrosis with a cheese-like appearance
D) Necrosis of fat tissue
Answer: A) Necrosis where tissue structure is preserved
Explanation: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue structure for a
few days. It is commonly seen in ischemic injury to the heart, kidney,
and spleen.
Question 8
What is liquefactive necrosis?
A) Necrosis where tissue structure is preserved
B) Necrosis where tissue is liquefied
C) Necrosis with a cheese-like appearance
D) Necrosis of fat tissue
Answer: B) Necrosis where tissue is liquefied
Explanation: Liquefactive necrosis is characterized by liquefaction of
tissue. It is commonly seen in bacterial infections and brain infarcts.
Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with Verified
Answers | 100% Correct - Wilkes
Question 1
Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A) Hypoxia
B) Chemical injury
C) Infectious injury
D) Physical injury
Answer: A) Hypoxia
Explanation: Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) is the most common cause of
cellular injury. It leads to ATP depletion, which disrupts cellular
function and can cause cell death.
Question 2
What is the primary mechanism of cell injury in hypoxia?
A) ATP depletion
B) Free radical formation
C) Calcium influx
D) All of the above
,Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Hypoxia causes ATP depletion, which leads to failure of
the sodium-potassium pump, calcium influx, and free radical
formation, all contributing to cell injury.
Question 3
Which of the following is a reversible form of cell injury?
A) Necrosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Cellular swelling
D) All of the above
Answer: C) Cellular swelling
Explanation: Cellular swelling is a reversible form of cell injury.
Necrosis and apoptosis are forms of cell death.
Question 4
What is the primary characteristic of necrosis?
A) Inflammation
B) Cell shrinkage
C) DNA fragmentation
D) Energy-dependent
Answer: A) Inflammation
Explanation: Necrosis is characterized by inflammation, cell swelling,
,and rupture of the cell membrane. Apoptosis is characterized by cell
shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, and is energy-dependent.
Question 5
What is the primary characteristic of apoptosis?
A) Inflammation
B) Cell shrinkage
C) Cell rupture
D) Energy-independent
Answer: B) Cell shrinkage
Explanation: Apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, DNA
fragmentation, and is energy-dependent. It does not cause
inflammation.
Question 6
Which of the following is a type of necrosis?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, and fibrinoid are
all types of necrosis.
, Question 7
What is coagulative necrosis?
A) Necrosis where tissue structure is preserved
B) Necrosis where tissue is liquefied
C) Necrosis with a cheese-like appearance
D) Necrosis of fat tissue
Answer: A) Necrosis where tissue structure is preserved
Explanation: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue structure for a
few days. It is commonly seen in ischemic injury to the heart, kidney,
and spleen.
Question 8
What is liquefactive necrosis?
A) Necrosis where tissue structure is preserved
B) Necrosis where tissue is liquefied
C) Necrosis with a cheese-like appearance
D) Necrosis of fat tissue
Answer: B) Necrosis where tissue is liquefied
Explanation: Liquefactive necrosis is characterized by liquefaction of
tissue. It is commonly seen in bacterial infections and brain infarcts.
