NSG 530 Exam 1, 2, 3 & 4 | Advanced Pathophysiology –
Wilkes | 2025 Verified Questions & Answers | PDF
NSG 530 Exam 1
1. Which of the following best describes the role of
histamine in an acute inflammatory response?
A. It causes vasoconstriction and reduces blood flow.
B. It promotes vasodilation and increases capillary
permeability.
C. It directly destroys pathogens through phagocytosis.
D. It suppresses the immune response to prevent tissue
damage.
Correct Answer: B. It promotes vasodilation and
increases capillary permeability.
Explanation: Histamine is a key mediator released from
mast cells during acute inflammation, causing
vasodilation and increased capillary permeability that
leads to redness, heat, and swelling.
2. A patient presents with a delayed-type
hypersensitivity reaction. Which cell type is primarily
,responsible for this response?
A. B lymphocyte
B. Plasma cell
C. T lymphocyte
D. Mast cell
Correct Answer: C. T lymphocyte
Explanation: Type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity is
mediated by T lymphocytes, which release cytokines that
recruit macrophages and cause tissue damage.
3. Which immunoglobulin class is responsible for
immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as
anaphylaxis?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgG
Correct Answer: C. IgE
Explanation: IgE binds to mast cells and basophils,
triggering degranulation and release of histamine and
other mediators upon exposure to an allergen.
,4. In the context of autoimmunity, what is the primary
mechanism that leads to tissue damage?
A. Loss of self-tolerance resulting in immune attack against
self-antigens
B. Excessive production of IgE antibodies against allergens
C. Deficiency of complement proteins
D. Failure of neutrophils to migrate to infection sites
Correct Answer: A. Loss of self-tolerance resulting in
immune attack against self-antigens
Explanation: Autoimmune diseases occur when the
immune system loses tolerance to self-antigens and
mounts a destructive response against the body's own
tissues.
5. A patient with Goodpasture syndrome is experiencing
progressive renal failure. This condition is an example of
which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
, Correct Answer: B. Type II
Explanation: Goodpasture syndrome is a type II
hypersensitivity reaction in which antibodies attack the
basement membrane of glomeruli and alveoli.
6. Which of the following is a classic example of a type III
hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Serum sickness
C. Contact dermatitis
D. Hemolytic transfusion reaction
Correct Answer: B. Serum sickness
Explanation: Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity
reaction caused by the deposition of immune complexes
in tissues, leading to inflammation.
7. The tuberculin skin test is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Wilkes | 2025 Verified Questions & Answers | PDF
NSG 530 Exam 1
1. Which of the following best describes the role of
histamine in an acute inflammatory response?
A. It causes vasoconstriction and reduces blood flow.
B. It promotes vasodilation and increases capillary
permeability.
C. It directly destroys pathogens through phagocytosis.
D. It suppresses the immune response to prevent tissue
damage.
Correct Answer: B. It promotes vasodilation and
increases capillary permeability.
Explanation: Histamine is a key mediator released from
mast cells during acute inflammation, causing
vasodilation and increased capillary permeability that
leads to redness, heat, and swelling.
2. A patient presents with a delayed-type
hypersensitivity reaction. Which cell type is primarily
,responsible for this response?
A. B lymphocyte
B. Plasma cell
C. T lymphocyte
D. Mast cell
Correct Answer: C. T lymphocyte
Explanation: Type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity is
mediated by T lymphocytes, which release cytokines that
recruit macrophages and cause tissue damage.
3. Which immunoglobulin class is responsible for
immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as
anaphylaxis?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgG
Correct Answer: C. IgE
Explanation: IgE binds to mast cells and basophils,
triggering degranulation and release of histamine and
other mediators upon exposure to an allergen.
,4. In the context of autoimmunity, what is the primary
mechanism that leads to tissue damage?
A. Loss of self-tolerance resulting in immune attack against
self-antigens
B. Excessive production of IgE antibodies against allergens
C. Deficiency of complement proteins
D. Failure of neutrophils to migrate to infection sites
Correct Answer: A. Loss of self-tolerance resulting in
immune attack against self-antigens
Explanation: Autoimmune diseases occur when the
immune system loses tolerance to self-antigens and
mounts a destructive response against the body's own
tissues.
5. A patient with Goodpasture syndrome is experiencing
progressive renal failure. This condition is an example of
which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
, Correct Answer: B. Type II
Explanation: Goodpasture syndrome is a type II
hypersensitivity reaction in which antibodies attack the
basement membrane of glomeruli and alveoli.
6. Which of the following is a classic example of a type III
hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Serum sickness
C. Contact dermatitis
D. Hemolytic transfusion reaction
Correct Answer: B. Serum sickness
Explanation: Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity
reaction caused by the deposition of immune complexes
in tissues, leading to inflammation.
7. The tuberculin skin test is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
