Module 7: Nursing Care of Patients with Renal System Disorders
Study Guide 2026/2027 | 500 Practice Questions with Verified Answers & Detailed
Rationales
Exam Overview
Module 7: Nursing Care of Patients with Renal System Disorders is a comprehensive study
guide designed for nursing students preparing for examinations in medical-surgical nursing.
This module covers the anatomy and physiology of the renal system, acute and chronic
kidney disorders, dialysis therapy, renal transplantation, urinary tract infections, and related
nursing interventions.
Module Details:
- Total Questions: 500
- Question Types: Multiple choice, select-all-that-apply (SATA), scenario-based
- Rationale Format: Verified answers with detailed clinical explanations
- Content Alignment: 2026/2027 nursing curriculum standards
Core Domains Covered:
| Domain | Questions | Focus Areas |
|--------|-----------|-------------|
| Renal Anatomy & Physiology | 50 | Nephron function, GFR, urine formation, electrolyte
regulation |
| Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) | 70 | Prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal AKI; phases; management |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | 70 | Stages, pathophysiology, complications, management
|
| Dialysis Therapy | 80 | Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, vascular access, complications |
| Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) | 50 | Cystitis, pyelonephritis, CAUTI, prevention |
,| Glomerular Disorders | 50 | Glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, nephritic syndrome
|
| Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances | 50 | Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, acid-base disorders |
| Renal Transplantation | 30 | Pre-transplant, post-transplant care, rejection |
| Renal Pharmacology | 30 | Diuretics, erythropoietin, phosphate binders,
immunosuppressants |
| Other Renal Disorders | 20 | Polycystic kidney disease, urolithiasis, renal cancer |
---
Domain 1: Renal Anatomy & Physiology
(50 Questions)
Question 1
The functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation is the:
A) Glomerulus
B) Nephron
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: B) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus,
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.
Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons.
---
,Question 2
Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for the filtration of blood based on
size and charge?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Glomerulus
C) Loop of Henle
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: B) Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs. It filters
blood based on particle size and charge, forming the initial filtrate. Large molecules like
proteins and blood cells are normally retained.
---
Question 3
What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult?
A) 50-75 mL/min
B) 75-100 mL/min
C) 125 mL/min
D) 200 mL/min
Correct Answer: C) 125 mL/min
Rationale: The normal GFR in a healthy adult is approximately 125 mL/min (or about 180
liters per day). This represents the volume of fluid filtered by the glomeruli per minute.
, ---
Question 4
Which hormone is produced by the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell production?
A) Renin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Calcitriol
D) Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B) Erythropoietin
Rationale: Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia. It stimulates
the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. In chronic kidney disease, erythropoietin
production decreases, leading to anemia.
---
Question 5
The renal threshold for glucose is approximately:
A) 100 mg/dL
B) 180 mg/dL
C) 250 mg/dL
D) 300 mg/dL
Correct Answer: B) 180 mg/dL
Study Guide 2026/2027 | 500 Practice Questions with Verified Answers & Detailed
Rationales
Exam Overview
Module 7: Nursing Care of Patients with Renal System Disorders is a comprehensive study
guide designed for nursing students preparing for examinations in medical-surgical nursing.
This module covers the anatomy and physiology of the renal system, acute and chronic
kidney disorders, dialysis therapy, renal transplantation, urinary tract infections, and related
nursing interventions.
Module Details:
- Total Questions: 500
- Question Types: Multiple choice, select-all-that-apply (SATA), scenario-based
- Rationale Format: Verified answers with detailed clinical explanations
- Content Alignment: 2026/2027 nursing curriculum standards
Core Domains Covered:
| Domain | Questions | Focus Areas |
|--------|-----------|-------------|
| Renal Anatomy & Physiology | 50 | Nephron function, GFR, urine formation, electrolyte
regulation |
| Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) | 70 | Prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal AKI; phases; management |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | 70 | Stages, pathophysiology, complications, management
|
| Dialysis Therapy | 80 | Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, vascular access, complications |
| Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) | 50 | Cystitis, pyelonephritis, CAUTI, prevention |
,| Glomerular Disorders | 50 | Glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, nephritic syndrome
|
| Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances | 50 | Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, acid-base disorders |
| Renal Transplantation | 30 | Pre-transplant, post-transplant care, rejection |
| Renal Pharmacology | 30 | Diuretics, erythropoietin, phosphate binders,
immunosuppressants |
| Other Renal Disorders | 20 | Polycystic kidney disease, urolithiasis, renal cancer |
---
Domain 1: Renal Anatomy & Physiology
(50 Questions)
Question 1
The functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation is the:
A) Glomerulus
B) Nephron
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: B) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus,
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.
Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons.
---
,Question 2
Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for the filtration of blood based on
size and charge?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Glomerulus
C) Loop of Henle
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: B) Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs. It filters
blood based on particle size and charge, forming the initial filtrate. Large molecules like
proteins and blood cells are normally retained.
---
Question 3
What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult?
A) 50-75 mL/min
B) 75-100 mL/min
C) 125 mL/min
D) 200 mL/min
Correct Answer: C) 125 mL/min
Rationale: The normal GFR in a healthy adult is approximately 125 mL/min (or about 180
liters per day). This represents the volume of fluid filtered by the glomeruli per minute.
, ---
Question 4
Which hormone is produced by the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell production?
A) Renin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Calcitriol
D) Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B) Erythropoietin
Rationale: Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia. It stimulates
the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. In chronic kidney disease, erythropoietin
production decreases, leading to anemia.
---
Question 5
The renal threshold for glucose is approximately:
A) 100 mg/dL
B) 180 mg/dL
C) 250 mg/dL
D) 300 mg/dL
Correct Answer: B) 180 mg/dL
