NUR2474 PHARMACOLOGY FOR
PROFESSIONAL NURSING FINAL EXAM
(LATEST 2026/ 2027 UPDATE)
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS| GRADE A+
1. A patient is prescribed digoxin for heart failure. The nurse should monitor for which clinical
manifestation of digoxin toxicity?
A. Tinnitus and hearing loss
B. Visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos
C. Increased appetite and thirst
D. Hyperkalemia and muscle spasms
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Visual disturbances, including yellow, green, or white halos
around objects, are classic signs of digoxin toxicity along with nausea and bradycardia.
,2. A nurse is reviewing a patient’s lab results who is taking warfarin. The International
Normalized Ratio (INR) is 5.0. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Administer the next dose as scheduled
B. Administer Vitamin K as prescribed
C. Encourage the patient to eat more leafy green vegetables
D. Increase the heparin drip rate
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: An INR of 5.0 is above the therapeutic range (typically 2-3),
indicating a high risk for bleeding. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin.
3. Which statement by a patient starting spironolactone indicates a need for further
teaching?
A. I will avoid using salt substitutes.
B. I will take this medication before going to bed.
C. I will limit my intake of bananas and orange juice.
D. I will report any muscle weakness to my doctor.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a diuretic and should be taken in the morning
to prevent nocturia. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, which should be avoided as
spironolactone is potassium-sparing.
, 4. A patient is receiving intravenous vancomycin. The nurse notes the patient’s face and neck
have become bright red and flushed. What is the nurse’s first action?
A. Stop the infusion immediately.
B. Administer epinephrine subcutaneously.
C. Slow the rate of the infusion.
D. Apply cold compresses to the affected area.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Red Man Syndrome is a rate-related reaction to vancomycin, not
a true allergy. Slowing the infusion rate usually resolves the flushing.
5. A nurse is educating a patient about a new prescription for levothyroxine. What time of
day should the patient be instructed to take this medication?
A. In the morning on an empty stomach
B. At bedtime with a snack
C. Immediately after lunch
D. Whenever the patient remembers during the day
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Levothyroxine should be taken in the morning on an empty
stomach, at least 30-60 minutes before breakfast, to ensure optimal absorption.
PROFESSIONAL NURSING FINAL EXAM
(LATEST 2026/ 2027 UPDATE)
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS| GRADE A+
1. A patient is prescribed digoxin for heart failure. The nurse should monitor for which clinical
manifestation of digoxin toxicity?
A. Tinnitus and hearing loss
B. Visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos
C. Increased appetite and thirst
D. Hyperkalemia and muscle spasms
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Visual disturbances, including yellow, green, or white halos
around objects, are classic signs of digoxin toxicity along with nausea and bradycardia.
,2. A nurse is reviewing a patient’s lab results who is taking warfarin. The International
Normalized Ratio (INR) is 5.0. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Administer the next dose as scheduled
B. Administer Vitamin K as prescribed
C. Encourage the patient to eat more leafy green vegetables
D. Increase the heparin drip rate
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: An INR of 5.0 is above the therapeutic range (typically 2-3),
indicating a high risk for bleeding. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin.
3. Which statement by a patient starting spironolactone indicates a need for further
teaching?
A. I will avoid using salt substitutes.
B. I will take this medication before going to bed.
C. I will limit my intake of bananas and orange juice.
D. I will report any muscle weakness to my doctor.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a diuretic and should be taken in the morning
to prevent nocturia. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, which should be avoided as
spironolactone is potassium-sparing.
, 4. A patient is receiving intravenous vancomycin. The nurse notes the patient’s face and neck
have become bright red and flushed. What is the nurse’s first action?
A. Stop the infusion immediately.
B. Administer epinephrine subcutaneously.
C. Slow the rate of the infusion.
D. Apply cold compresses to the affected area.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Red Man Syndrome is a rate-related reaction to vancomycin, not
a true allergy. Slowing the infusion rate usually resolves the flushing.
5. A nurse is educating a patient about a new prescription for levothyroxine. What time of
day should the patient be instructed to take this medication?
A. In the morning on an empty stomach
B. At bedtime with a snack
C. Immediately after lunch
D. Whenever the patient remembers during the day
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Levothyroxine should be taken in the morning on an empty
stomach, at least 30-60 minutes before breakfast, to ensure optimal absorption.
