NSG530 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+ - WILKES
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell type by
another, often less differentiated, cell type?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by
another, such as the change from ciliated columnar to stratified squamous epithelium in
the airways of smokers.
2. What is the primary mechanism of cellular injury during hypoxia?
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Decreased intracellular calcium levels
C. Failure of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump
,D. Increased aerobic metabolism
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypoxia leads to ATP depletion, which causes the failure of the
sodium-potassium pump, resulting in cellular swelling due to sodium and water influx.
3. Which type of necrosis is typically seen in the brain following ischemic injury?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Liquefactive necrosis occurs in the brain because brain cells are
rich in digestive hydrolytic enzymes and lipids.
4. The release of Cytochrome C from the mitochondria into the cytosol is a key step in which
process?
A. Autophagy
B. Necrosis
C. Oncosis
D. Apoptosis
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Cytochrome C release triggers the activation of caspases, which
are the executioners of programmed cell death or apoptosis.
5. What is the definition of an allele?
A. A specific location on a chromosome
B. The genetic makeup of an organism
C. An alternative form of a gene at a specific locus
D. The observable trait of an individual
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: An allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that
arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
6. Which genetic disorder is characterized by a 47, XXY karyotype?
A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Turner Syndrome
D. Edwards Syndrome
Answer: B
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+ - WILKES
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell type by
another, often less differentiated, cell type?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by
another, such as the change from ciliated columnar to stratified squamous epithelium in
the airways of smokers.
2. What is the primary mechanism of cellular injury during hypoxia?
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Decreased intracellular calcium levels
C. Failure of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump
,D. Increased aerobic metabolism
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypoxia leads to ATP depletion, which causes the failure of the
sodium-potassium pump, resulting in cellular swelling due to sodium and water influx.
3. Which type of necrosis is typically seen in the brain following ischemic injury?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Liquefactive necrosis occurs in the brain because brain cells are
rich in digestive hydrolytic enzymes and lipids.
4. The release of Cytochrome C from the mitochondria into the cytosol is a key step in which
process?
A. Autophagy
B. Necrosis
C. Oncosis
D. Apoptosis
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Cytochrome C release triggers the activation of caspases, which
are the executioners of programmed cell death or apoptosis.
5. What is the definition of an allele?
A. A specific location on a chromosome
B. The genetic makeup of an organism
C. An alternative form of a gene at a specific locus
D. The observable trait of an individual
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: An allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that
arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
6. Which genetic disorder is characterized by a 47, XXY karyotype?
A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Turner Syndrome
D. Edwards Syndrome
Answer: B
