NURS6501 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 -
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A 55-year-old male presents with fatigue and numbness in his fingers. Laboratory results
reveal a macrocytic-normochromic anemia. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Folate deficiency without neurological symptoms
C. Chronic blood loss
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency) causes macrocytic-
normochromic anemia and is uniquely associated with neurological symptoms like
paresthesia, unlike folate deficiency.
2. Which substance is required for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the ileum?
A. Ferritin
B. Haptoglobin
,C. Erythropoietin
D. Intrinsic factor
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Intrinsic factor, secreted by parietal cells in the stomach, is
essential for the binding and absorption of Vitamin B12.
3. A patient is diagnosed with Iron Deficiency Anemia. Which laboratory finding is most
consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Increased Ferritin levels
B. Decreased Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
C. Increased Transferrin saturation
D. Decreased serum Ferritin
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In iron deficiency anemia, serum ferritin (stored iron) is the first
to decrease, while TIBC typically increases.
4. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind Sideroblastic Anemia?
A. Insufficient dietary iron intake
B. Stem cell failure in bone marrow
C. Premature destruction of erythrocytes
, D. Inefficient iron uptake and hemoglobin synthesis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Sideroblastic anemia is characterized by the body’s inability to
incorporate iron into hemoglobin, leading to iron-sequestered mitochondria around the
nucleus (ringed sideroblasts).
5. Polycythemia Vera is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an overproduction of
RBCs. It is frequently associated with a mutation in which gene?
A. BRCA1
B. JAK2
C. p53
D. HER2
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Over 95% of patients with Polycythemia Vera have a mutation in
the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) gene.
6. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves mast cell
degranulation?
A. Type IV
B. Type II
C. Type III
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 -
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A 55-year-old male presents with fatigue and numbness in his fingers. Laboratory results
reveal a macrocytic-normochromic anemia. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Folate deficiency without neurological symptoms
C. Chronic blood loss
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency) causes macrocytic-
normochromic anemia and is uniquely associated with neurological symptoms like
paresthesia, unlike folate deficiency.
2. Which substance is required for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the ileum?
A. Ferritin
B. Haptoglobin
,C. Erythropoietin
D. Intrinsic factor
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Intrinsic factor, secreted by parietal cells in the stomach, is
essential for the binding and absorption of Vitamin B12.
3. A patient is diagnosed with Iron Deficiency Anemia. Which laboratory finding is most
consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Increased Ferritin levels
B. Decreased Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
C. Increased Transferrin saturation
D. Decreased serum Ferritin
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In iron deficiency anemia, serum ferritin (stored iron) is the first
to decrease, while TIBC typically increases.
4. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind Sideroblastic Anemia?
A. Insufficient dietary iron intake
B. Stem cell failure in bone marrow
C. Premature destruction of erythrocytes
, D. Inefficient iron uptake and hemoglobin synthesis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Sideroblastic anemia is characterized by the body’s inability to
incorporate iron into hemoglobin, leading to iron-sequestered mitochondria around the
nucleus (ringed sideroblasts).
5. Polycythemia Vera is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an overproduction of
RBCs. It is frequently associated with a mutation in which gene?
A. BRCA1
B. JAK2
C. p53
D. HER2
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Over 95% of patients with Polycythemia Vera have a mutation in
the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) gene.
6. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves mast cell
degranulation?
A. Type IV
B. Type II
C. Type III
