Test Bank Pathophysiology 8th Edition
– Nursing Pathophysiology Exam
PRACTICE QUESTIONS |ORIGINAL
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS |DETAILED
RATIONALES |HINTED COMPLETE
EXAM PREP GRADED A+*INSTANT
DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which term describes the study of functional changes that occur
because of disease?
A. Anatomy
B. Histology
C. Pathophysiology
D. Pharmacology
Answer: C. Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines functional changes associated
with disease and abnormal physiological processes.
2. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is enlargement of individual cells, usually
resulting in enlargement of the affected tissue or organ.
3. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the number of
cells?
,A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: A. Hyperplasia
Rationale: Hyperplasia occurs when cells proliferate, increasing the
number of cells in a tissue.
4. A decrease in cell size caused by reduced workload is called:
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C. Atrophy
Rationale: Atrophy is a reduction in cell size and often occurs with
decreased workload, inadequate nutrition, or loss of stimulation.
5. Which process involves replacement of one mature cell type with
another mature cell type?
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Neoplasia
D. Necrosis
Answer: B. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible adaptive change in which one
differentiated cell type is replaced by another.
6. Which finding most directly indicates cellular injury?
A. Increased ATP production
B. Normal membrane permeability
C. Cellular swelling
D. Increased protein synthesis
,Answer: C. Cellular swelling
Rationale: Cellular swelling is a common early, reversible response to
injury caused by disruption of energy-dependent ion transport.
7. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through
oxidative phosphorylation.
8. Which substance is the primary immediate energy source for
many cellular processes?
A. DNA
B. ATP
C. RNA
D. Calcium
Answer: B. ATP
Rationale: ATP provides readily available energy for cellular processes
such as active transport and protein synthesis.
9. Which type of cellular death is generally associated with
controlled, programmed removal of cells?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Gangrene
D. Infarction
Answer: B. Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death and generally occurs
without the extensive inflammation associated with necrosis.
, 10. Which feature is most characteristic of necrosis?
A. Programmed cell removal
B. No inflammatory response
C. Cellular membrane disruption
D. Normal cellular function
Answer: C. Cellular membrane disruption
Rationale: Necrosis commonly involves loss of membrane integrity,
leakage of cellular contents, and inflammation.
Section 2: Genetics and Molecular Biology
11. The basic functional unit of heredity is the:
A. Chromosome
B. Gene
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Answer: B. Gene
Rationale: A gene is a DNA sequence that contains information used
to produce a functional RNA or protein product.
12. A mutation is best defined as:
A. Normal cellular division
B. A permanent change in genetic material
C. Temporary protein alteration
D. Increased ATP production
Answer: B. A permanent change in genetic material
Rationale: Mutations are alterations in DNA that may affect protein
structure, regulation, or cellular function.
13. Which structure contains most of a cell's genetic material?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
– Nursing Pathophysiology Exam
PRACTICE QUESTIONS |ORIGINAL
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS |DETAILED
RATIONALES |HINTED COMPLETE
EXAM PREP GRADED A+*INSTANT
DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which term describes the study of functional changes that occur
because of disease?
A. Anatomy
B. Histology
C. Pathophysiology
D. Pharmacology
Answer: C. Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines functional changes associated
with disease and abnormal physiological processes.
2. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is enlargement of individual cells, usually
resulting in enlargement of the affected tissue or organ.
3. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the number of
cells?
,A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: A. Hyperplasia
Rationale: Hyperplasia occurs when cells proliferate, increasing the
number of cells in a tissue.
4. A decrease in cell size caused by reduced workload is called:
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C. Atrophy
Rationale: Atrophy is a reduction in cell size and often occurs with
decreased workload, inadequate nutrition, or loss of stimulation.
5. Which process involves replacement of one mature cell type with
another mature cell type?
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Neoplasia
D. Necrosis
Answer: B. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible adaptive change in which one
differentiated cell type is replaced by another.
6. Which finding most directly indicates cellular injury?
A. Increased ATP production
B. Normal membrane permeability
C. Cellular swelling
D. Increased protein synthesis
,Answer: C. Cellular swelling
Rationale: Cellular swelling is a common early, reversible response to
injury caused by disruption of energy-dependent ion transport.
7. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through
oxidative phosphorylation.
8. Which substance is the primary immediate energy source for
many cellular processes?
A. DNA
B. ATP
C. RNA
D. Calcium
Answer: B. ATP
Rationale: ATP provides readily available energy for cellular processes
such as active transport and protein synthesis.
9. Which type of cellular death is generally associated with
controlled, programmed removal of cells?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Gangrene
D. Infarction
Answer: B. Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death and generally occurs
without the extensive inflammation associated with necrosis.
, 10. Which feature is most characteristic of necrosis?
A. Programmed cell removal
B. No inflammatory response
C. Cellular membrane disruption
D. Normal cellular function
Answer: C. Cellular membrane disruption
Rationale: Necrosis commonly involves loss of membrane integrity,
leakage of cellular contents, and inflammation.
Section 2: Genetics and Molecular Biology
11. The basic functional unit of heredity is the:
A. Chromosome
B. Gene
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Answer: B. Gene
Rationale: A gene is a DNA sequence that contains information used
to produce a functional RNA or protein product.
12. A mutation is best defined as:
A. Normal cellular division
B. A permanent change in genetic material
C. Temporary protein alteration
D. Increased ATP production
Answer: B. A permanent change in genetic material
Rationale: Mutations are alterations in DNA that may affect protein
structure, regulation, or cellular function.
13. Which structure contains most of a cell's genetic material?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
