Test Bank Pathophysiology 8th Edition –
Comprehensive Review Exam Disease
Processes & Clinical Concepts PRACTICE
QUESTIONS |ORIGINAL QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS |DETAILED RATIONALES
|HINTED COMPLETE EXAM PREP GRADED
A+*INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which term describes the study of functional changes that occur
as a result of disease?
A. Anatomy
B. Histology
C. Pathophysiology
D. Epidemiology
Answer: C. Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines altered physiologic processes
associated with disease and injury.
2. Which cellular adaptation occurs when cells increase in size
rather than number?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
,Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in individual cell size,
commonly occurring in skeletal or cardiac muscle.
3. A decrease in cell size caused by reduced workload is called:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C. Atrophy
Rationale: Atrophy is a reduction in cell size and sometimes organ
size resulting from decreased workload, inadequate nutrition, loss of
innervation, or other factors.
4. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the number of
cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Apoptosis
Answer: A. Hyperplasia
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cellular proliferation
and can be physiologic or pathologic.
5. Replacement of one mature cell type with another mature cell
type is called:
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
,C. Anaplasia
D. Necrosis
Answer: B. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible adaptive change in which one
differentiated cell type is replaced by another.
6. Which process is considered programmed cell death?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Autolysis
D. Ischemia
Answer: B. Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is regulated cell death that generally occurs
without the extensive inflammation associated with necrosis.
7. Which characteristic is most associated with necrosis?
A. Controlled cellular deletion
B. Absence of inflammation
C. Cell membrane disruption
D. Normal ATP production
**Answer: C. Cell membrane disruption
Rationale: Necrosis involves irreversible cellular injury, membrane
breakdown, leakage of intracellular contents, and often
inflammation.
8. Which organelle is primarily responsible for cellular ATP
production?
, A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
**Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through
oxidative phosphorylation.
9. What is the primary consequence of inadequate oxygen delivery
to cells?
A. Increased oxidative phosphorylation
B. Decreased ATP production
C. Increased protein synthesis
D. Increased cellular oxygen consumption
**Answer: B. Decreased ATP production
Rationale: Oxygen is required for efficient oxidative phosphorylation,
so hypoxia decreases ATP production.
10. Which ion normally exists at a much higher concentration inside
cells than outside?
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Potassium
D. Chloride
**Answer: C. Potassium
Rationale: Intracellular potassium concentration is substantially
higher than extracellular potassium concentration.
Comprehensive Review Exam Disease
Processes & Clinical Concepts PRACTICE
QUESTIONS |ORIGINAL QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS |DETAILED RATIONALES
|HINTED COMPLETE EXAM PREP GRADED
A+*INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which term describes the study of functional changes that occur
as a result of disease?
A. Anatomy
B. Histology
C. Pathophysiology
D. Epidemiology
Answer: C. Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines altered physiologic processes
associated with disease and injury.
2. Which cellular adaptation occurs when cells increase in size
rather than number?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
,Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in individual cell size,
commonly occurring in skeletal or cardiac muscle.
3. A decrease in cell size caused by reduced workload is called:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C. Atrophy
Rationale: Atrophy is a reduction in cell size and sometimes organ
size resulting from decreased workload, inadequate nutrition, loss of
innervation, or other factors.
4. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the number of
cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Apoptosis
Answer: A. Hyperplasia
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cellular proliferation
and can be physiologic or pathologic.
5. Replacement of one mature cell type with another mature cell
type is called:
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
,C. Anaplasia
D. Necrosis
Answer: B. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible adaptive change in which one
differentiated cell type is replaced by another.
6. Which process is considered programmed cell death?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Autolysis
D. Ischemia
Answer: B. Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is regulated cell death that generally occurs
without the extensive inflammation associated with necrosis.
7. Which characteristic is most associated with necrosis?
A. Controlled cellular deletion
B. Absence of inflammation
C. Cell membrane disruption
D. Normal ATP production
**Answer: C. Cell membrane disruption
Rationale: Necrosis involves irreversible cellular injury, membrane
breakdown, leakage of intracellular contents, and often
inflammation.
8. Which organelle is primarily responsible for cellular ATP
production?
, A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
**Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through
oxidative phosphorylation.
9. What is the primary consequence of inadequate oxygen delivery
to cells?
A. Increased oxidative phosphorylation
B. Decreased ATP production
C. Increased protein synthesis
D. Increased cellular oxygen consumption
**Answer: B. Decreased ATP production
Rationale: Oxygen is required for efficient oxidative phosphorylation,
so hypoxia decreases ATP production.
10. Which ion normally exists at a much higher concentration inside
cells than outside?
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Potassium
D. Chloride
**Answer: C. Potassium
Rationale: Intracellular potassium concentration is substantially
higher than extracellular potassium concentration.
