NURS 307 EXAM 2 - ADVANCED MED-
SURG CONCEPTS QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT |
GRADE A+
1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with a potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L.
Which EKG finding should the nurse prioritize?
A. Prominent U waves
B. Prolonged ST segment
C. Tall, peaked T waves
D. Shortened PR interval
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.0) causes tall, peaked T waves, widened
QRS complexes, and eventually cardiac arrest. U waves are seen in hypokalemia.
2. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result is consistent with a patient experiencing a severe
panic attack?
A. pH 7.52, PaCO2 28, HCO3 22
B. pH 7.32, PaCO2 50, HCO3 24
C. pH 7.25, PaCO2 35, HCO3 18
,D. pH 7.48, PaCO2 42, HCO3 30
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Panic attacks lead to hyperventilation, which blows off CO2,
causing respiratory alkalosis (high pH, low CO2).
3. A patient has a positive Chvostek’s sign. The nurse should anticipate administering which
medication?
A. Potassium chloride
B. Sodium bicarbonate
C. Magnesium sulfate
D. Calcium gluconate
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching) indicates hypocalcemia.
Calcium gluconate is the standard treatment for acute symptomatic hypocalcemia.
4. In the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI), which clinical manifestation is the nurse
most likely to observe?
A. Fluid volume excess and hypertension
B. Hypernatremia and dehydration
C. Hypovolemia and hypotension
D. Metabolic alkalosis
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: During the oliguric phase, the kidneys cannot excrete fluid or
waste, leading to fluid retention, edema, and high blood pressure.
5. A patient with cirrhosis has an elevated ammonia level and is confused. What is the
priority nursing intervention?
A. Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis
B. Encourage a high-protein diet
C. Restrict fluid intake to 1000 mL/day
D. Administer Lactulose as prescribed
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Lactulose promotes the excretion of ammonia through the stool
to treat hepatic encephalopathy. Protein should be moderated, not increased.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is a patient with NG tube suctioning at highest risk for
developing?
A. Hypermagnesemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
Answer: C
SURG CONCEPTS QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT |
GRADE A+
1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with a potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L.
Which EKG finding should the nurse prioritize?
A. Prominent U waves
B. Prolonged ST segment
C. Tall, peaked T waves
D. Shortened PR interval
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.0) causes tall, peaked T waves, widened
QRS complexes, and eventually cardiac arrest. U waves are seen in hypokalemia.
2. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result is consistent with a patient experiencing a severe
panic attack?
A. pH 7.52, PaCO2 28, HCO3 22
B. pH 7.32, PaCO2 50, HCO3 24
C. pH 7.25, PaCO2 35, HCO3 18
,D. pH 7.48, PaCO2 42, HCO3 30
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Panic attacks lead to hyperventilation, which blows off CO2,
causing respiratory alkalosis (high pH, low CO2).
3. A patient has a positive Chvostek’s sign. The nurse should anticipate administering which
medication?
A. Potassium chloride
B. Sodium bicarbonate
C. Magnesium sulfate
D. Calcium gluconate
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching) indicates hypocalcemia.
Calcium gluconate is the standard treatment for acute symptomatic hypocalcemia.
4. In the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI), which clinical manifestation is the nurse
most likely to observe?
A. Fluid volume excess and hypertension
B. Hypernatremia and dehydration
C. Hypovolemia and hypotension
D. Metabolic alkalosis
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: During the oliguric phase, the kidneys cannot excrete fluid or
waste, leading to fluid retention, edema, and high blood pressure.
5. A patient with cirrhosis has an elevated ammonia level and is confused. What is the
priority nursing intervention?
A. Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis
B. Encourage a high-protein diet
C. Restrict fluid intake to 1000 mL/day
D. Administer Lactulose as prescribed
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Lactulose promotes the excretion of ammonia through the stool
to treat hepatic encephalopathy. Protein should be moderated, not increased.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is a patient with NG tube suctioning at highest risk for
developing?
A. Hypermagnesemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
Answer: C
