NUR 172 Final Exam
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Provided with A+ Graded
Answers |Latest Updated
2026
,Isotonic solutions
Normal saline (0.9%)
Dextrose 5% and water (D5W)
Dextrose 5% and 1/4NS (D5 and 0.225%NaCl)
Lactated ringers
Albumin 5%
What is a Isotonic fluid
same osmolarity as the cells.
Equal solute and water—exact same number of particles in both solutions—no movement
of water.
Does not change cell volume.
Osmolarity
total concentration of all solute particles in a solution
Tonicity
the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
,Hypotonic solutions
1/2 Normal saline (0.45% NaCl)
1/3 Normal Saline (0.3% NaCl)
1/4 Normal saline (0.225% NaCl)
Dextrose 2.5% water (D2.5/W)
What is a hypotonic solution
the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell so water moves into the cell
causing plant cells to SWELL and BURST, BP decrease
used to expand the cell
USED TO TREAT CELLULAR DEHYDRATION
When would we NEVER use a hypotonic solution
for intracranial pressure
Hypertonic solution
Dextrose 5% and lactated ringers (D5/LR)
Dextrose 5% and Normal saline (D5/NS)
Dextrose 5% and 1/2 Normal saline (D5/0.45%NaCl) TPN
(Total Parental Nutrition)
Albumin 25%
What is a hypertonic solution
The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell so water moves out of the cell
and into the solution causing the cell to plasmolyze
cause the cells to SHRINK and BP to INCREASE
, What are some causes of Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
vomiting, diarrhea, burns
hemorrhage (release of blood from broke blood vessel)
drainage from ng tube suction, fistulas and tubes
diaphoresis (sweating), tachypnea
not enough fluid intake
third space fluid shift
NPO status
diabetes insipidus
FVD symptoms
tenting, tachycardia, hypotension, narrow pulse pressure, weight loss, flat vein when in
supine position, dry mucus membranes
BUN greater then 20mg
hemoglobin + hematocrit elevation
1.030 urine specific gravity
urine output less then 30 mL
FVD treatment
IV fluid, oral fluids, IV bolus maybe ordered, frequent assessment + vital signs, blood or
blood products
Questions Verified and
Provided with A+ Graded
Answers |Latest Updated
2026
,Isotonic solutions
Normal saline (0.9%)
Dextrose 5% and water (D5W)
Dextrose 5% and 1/4NS (D5 and 0.225%NaCl)
Lactated ringers
Albumin 5%
What is a Isotonic fluid
same osmolarity as the cells.
Equal solute and water—exact same number of particles in both solutions—no movement
of water.
Does not change cell volume.
Osmolarity
total concentration of all solute particles in a solution
Tonicity
the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
,Hypotonic solutions
1/2 Normal saline (0.45% NaCl)
1/3 Normal Saline (0.3% NaCl)
1/4 Normal saline (0.225% NaCl)
Dextrose 2.5% water (D2.5/W)
What is a hypotonic solution
the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell so water moves into the cell
causing plant cells to SWELL and BURST, BP decrease
used to expand the cell
USED TO TREAT CELLULAR DEHYDRATION
When would we NEVER use a hypotonic solution
for intracranial pressure
Hypertonic solution
Dextrose 5% and lactated ringers (D5/LR)
Dextrose 5% and Normal saline (D5/NS)
Dextrose 5% and 1/2 Normal saline (D5/0.45%NaCl) TPN
(Total Parental Nutrition)
Albumin 25%
What is a hypertonic solution
The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell so water moves out of the cell
and into the solution causing the cell to plasmolyze
cause the cells to SHRINK and BP to INCREASE
, What are some causes of Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
vomiting, diarrhea, burns
hemorrhage (release of blood from broke blood vessel)
drainage from ng tube suction, fistulas and tubes
diaphoresis (sweating), tachypnea
not enough fluid intake
third space fluid shift
NPO status
diabetes insipidus
FVD symptoms
tenting, tachycardia, hypotension, narrow pulse pressure, weight loss, flat vein when in
supine position, dry mucus membranes
BUN greater then 20mg
hemoglobin + hematocrit elevation
1.030 urine specific gravity
urine output less then 30 mL
FVD treatment
IV fluid, oral fluids, IV bolus maybe ordered, frequent assessment + vital signs, blood or
blood products
