PSYC 2210 EXAM 1 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
The science of human development - Answers - the study of consistency and change.
The science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages change or remain
the same over time
Replication - Answers - repeating a study, usually using different participants,
sometimes of another age, socioeconomic status (SES) or culture. Get report out quick
for people to repeat your study, there is a need for people to back up your findings and
find new info by using different participants.
Nature vs nurture - Answers - nature: influence of genes we inherit. Refers to the traits,
capacities and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his or her parents
at the moment of conception.
Nurture: influence of our environment/experience you have. Includes all of the
environmental influences that affect the individual after conception which includes
everything from the mothers nutrition while pregnant to the cultural influences in the
nation.
Continuity vs discontinuity - Answers - development is multi directional
Continuity: change is gradual add to the existing skills
Discontinuity: in specific changes the way you interact with the world is by the stops and
very specific ages where things happen.
Critical vs sensitive periods - Answers - critical: the only time or when something must
occur for normal development(ex-baby must grow limbs in the womb to have them). A
crucial time when a particular type of developmental growth (in body or behavior) must
happen for normal development to occur or when harm (such as toxic substance or
destructive event) can occur
Sensitive periods(grey area): a time when development most likely will occur and can
possibly happen later. A time when a certain type of development is most likely although
may still happen later with more difficulty. (ex- early childhood is considered a sensitive
period for language learning.
Difference-equals-deficit error - Answers - assumption that people unlike us are inferior.
The mistaken brief that deviation from norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or
characteristics that meet the standard
Development is multidisciplinary: biosocial - Answers - development is divided into 3
domains: biosocial, cognitive psychosocial
, Biosocial: psychical growth and change, how did you phyiscally grow/change in
appearance. Includes nutrition and health, diseases, motor skills, biology, medicine, and
neuroscience.
Includes all of the growth a change that occurs in a persons body & the genetic,
nutrional, and health factors that effect that growth and change. Motor skills/everything
from grasping a rattle to driving a car are also apart of the biological domain, in this
book this domain is called biosocial rather than physical/biological.
Experiment: independent vs dependent variable - Answers - independent variable:
variable of fact that is messed w/ by the researcher experimental manipulation. In an
experiment the variable that is introduced to see what effect it has on the dependent
variable (also called experimental variable)
Dependent variable: one that is the measured factor that is the outcome. In an
experiment the variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition or
situation the experimenter adds, the dependent variable depends on the independent
variable
Experiment vs control group - Answers - experimental: group that gets the independent
variable and receives the treatment.
Control group: group that doesn't get the independent variable
Survey - Answers - also can be a self report. Asking questions and the participants
provide answers. A research method in which information is collected from a large
number of people by interviews written questionnaires or some other means
Case study - Answers - 3rd option in depth investigation about a person or even a small
group of a few people. Only use when really have to uses records and observe you,
survey and test you to get an idea of what is special about you
Studying development cross sectional, longitudinal, cross sequential - Answers - cross
sectional: studying different people at one time doesn't show individual change and
doesn't study the same people. A research design that compares groups of people who
differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics.
Longitudinal: long time research that you study the same people for a long period of
time (years) issues that involve longitudinal design are that it doesn't take into account
certain things. A research design in which the same individuals are followed over time
as their development is repeatedly assessed.
Cross sequential: measures different groups of individuals as they age, ex- measures a
group of 5 year olds then the same group 10 years later as well as another group of 5
year olds. A hybrid research design in which researchers first study several groups of
people of different ages (a cross sectional approach) and then follow those groups over
The science of human development - Answers - the study of consistency and change.
The science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages change or remain
the same over time
Replication - Answers - repeating a study, usually using different participants,
sometimes of another age, socioeconomic status (SES) or culture. Get report out quick
for people to repeat your study, there is a need for people to back up your findings and
find new info by using different participants.
Nature vs nurture - Answers - nature: influence of genes we inherit. Refers to the traits,
capacities and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his or her parents
at the moment of conception.
Nurture: influence of our environment/experience you have. Includes all of the
environmental influences that affect the individual after conception which includes
everything from the mothers nutrition while pregnant to the cultural influences in the
nation.
Continuity vs discontinuity - Answers - development is multi directional
Continuity: change is gradual add to the existing skills
Discontinuity: in specific changes the way you interact with the world is by the stops and
very specific ages where things happen.
Critical vs sensitive periods - Answers - critical: the only time or when something must
occur for normal development(ex-baby must grow limbs in the womb to have them). A
crucial time when a particular type of developmental growth (in body or behavior) must
happen for normal development to occur or when harm (such as toxic substance or
destructive event) can occur
Sensitive periods(grey area): a time when development most likely will occur and can
possibly happen later. A time when a certain type of development is most likely although
may still happen later with more difficulty. (ex- early childhood is considered a sensitive
period for language learning.
Difference-equals-deficit error - Answers - assumption that people unlike us are inferior.
The mistaken brief that deviation from norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or
characteristics that meet the standard
Development is multidisciplinary: biosocial - Answers - development is divided into 3
domains: biosocial, cognitive psychosocial
, Biosocial: psychical growth and change, how did you phyiscally grow/change in
appearance. Includes nutrition and health, diseases, motor skills, biology, medicine, and
neuroscience.
Includes all of the growth a change that occurs in a persons body & the genetic,
nutrional, and health factors that effect that growth and change. Motor skills/everything
from grasping a rattle to driving a car are also apart of the biological domain, in this
book this domain is called biosocial rather than physical/biological.
Experiment: independent vs dependent variable - Answers - independent variable:
variable of fact that is messed w/ by the researcher experimental manipulation. In an
experiment the variable that is introduced to see what effect it has on the dependent
variable (also called experimental variable)
Dependent variable: one that is the measured factor that is the outcome. In an
experiment the variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition or
situation the experimenter adds, the dependent variable depends on the independent
variable
Experiment vs control group - Answers - experimental: group that gets the independent
variable and receives the treatment.
Control group: group that doesn't get the independent variable
Survey - Answers - also can be a self report. Asking questions and the participants
provide answers. A research method in which information is collected from a large
number of people by interviews written questionnaires or some other means
Case study - Answers - 3rd option in depth investigation about a person or even a small
group of a few people. Only use when really have to uses records and observe you,
survey and test you to get an idea of what is special about you
Studying development cross sectional, longitudinal, cross sequential - Answers - cross
sectional: studying different people at one time doesn't show individual change and
doesn't study the same people. A research design that compares groups of people who
differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics.
Longitudinal: long time research that you study the same people for a long period of
time (years) issues that involve longitudinal design are that it doesn't take into account
certain things. A research design in which the same individuals are followed over time
as their development is repeatedly assessed.
Cross sequential: measures different groups of individuals as they age, ex- measures a
group of 5 year olds then the same group 10 years later as well as another group of 5
year olds. A hybrid research design in which researchers first study several groups of
people of different ages (a cross sectional approach) and then follow those groups over
