ECU Biology 1100 Test 1
Homeostasis tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions. Stabilize health
and functioning.
Robert Hooke First to discover and view cells in 1665.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek First to observe microorganisms using a microscope of his own design in 1675.
Described them as animalcules-little animals
Mitochondrion Membrane-bound organelle in cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells. Generates
energy(ATP), stores calcium for cell signaling, generates heat, and mediates
growth/deat
Plant Cell Eukaryotic cells
Chloroplast sunlight is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis. Double membrane
around exterior.
Central Vacuole Lysosome like organelles in plant cells
Schleiden and Schwann Cell Theory 1830s
All living organisms are made up of cells
Schwann=animals
Schleiden=plants
Rudolf Virchow 1860s All cells come from pre-existing cells
Louie Pasteur swan neck vessel to disprove the idea of spontaneous cell generation
Spontaneous Generation The idea that cells spontaneously appear out of air.
Proton Positively charged. Located in the nucleus
Neutron No charge. Located in nucleus
Electron Negatively charged. Located in electron orbital
Nucleus Controls the cells function, contains the cells DNA, RNA comes out, contains
genetic material
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, ECU Biology 1100 Test 1
Element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by
chemical or physical means
Atomic Mass The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Atomic Number Number of protons in nucleus of an atom
Isotope An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from
other atoms of the same element.
Elements common to life Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Covalent Bond Sharing electrons between elements
Ionic Bond Transfer of electrons between elements
Ion A particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative)
Cation Positive charge=element loses electron
Anion Negative charge=element gains an electron
Valence Shells Outer most energy level containing active electrons
Reactants Elements/Compounds that react with each other to produce a reaction or product
Products Result of a chemical reaction
Exergonic Reaction A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
Endergonic Reaction A non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the
surroundings.
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
Homeostasis tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions. Stabilize health
and functioning.
Robert Hooke First to discover and view cells in 1665.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek First to observe microorganisms using a microscope of his own design in 1675.
Described them as animalcules-little animals
Mitochondrion Membrane-bound organelle in cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells. Generates
energy(ATP), stores calcium for cell signaling, generates heat, and mediates
growth/deat
Plant Cell Eukaryotic cells
Chloroplast sunlight is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis. Double membrane
around exterior.
Central Vacuole Lysosome like organelles in plant cells
Schleiden and Schwann Cell Theory 1830s
All living organisms are made up of cells
Schwann=animals
Schleiden=plants
Rudolf Virchow 1860s All cells come from pre-existing cells
Louie Pasteur swan neck vessel to disprove the idea of spontaneous cell generation
Spontaneous Generation The idea that cells spontaneously appear out of air.
Proton Positively charged. Located in the nucleus
Neutron No charge. Located in nucleus
Electron Negatively charged. Located in electron orbital
Nucleus Controls the cells function, contains the cells DNA, RNA comes out, contains
genetic material
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, ECU Biology 1100 Test 1
Element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by
chemical or physical means
Atomic Mass The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Atomic Number Number of protons in nucleus of an atom
Isotope An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from
other atoms of the same element.
Elements common to life Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Covalent Bond Sharing electrons between elements
Ionic Bond Transfer of electrons between elements
Ion A particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative)
Cation Positive charge=element loses electron
Anion Negative charge=element gains an electron
Valence Shells Outer most energy level containing active electrons
Reactants Elements/Compounds that react with each other to produce a reaction or product
Products Result of a chemical reaction
Exergonic Reaction A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
Endergonic Reaction A non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the
surroundings.
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
