NR 566 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A 65-year-old patient with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction is prescribed an
ACE inhibitor. Which electrolyte abnormality should the clinician monitor most closely?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of Angiotensin I to
Angiotensin II, leading to decreased aldosterone secretion, which can result in potassium
retention and hyperkalemia.
,2. Which of the following medications is considered first-line for a patient newly diagnosed
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, assuming no contraindications?
A. Metformin
B. Glipizide
C. Sitagliptin
D. Pioglitazone
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacologic agent for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy, safety, and low cost.
3. A patient taking Metformin is scheduled for a CT scan with intravenous iodinated contrast.
What is the standard recommendation for Metformin management?
A. Continue Metformin as usual.
B. Discontinue Metformin at the time of the procedure and withhold for 48 hours.
C. Double the dose the day of the procedure.
D. Switch to insulin permanently.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: To prevent lactic acidosis in the event of contrast-induced
nephropathy, Metformin should be held for 48 hours following the procedure and only
restarted once renal function is confirmed to be normal.
, 4. When prescribing a statin, which laboratory value must be assessed if the patient reports
new-onset, unexplained muscle pain or weakness?
A. Prothrombin Time
B. Alkaline Phosphatase
C. Serum Albumin
D. Creatine Kinase (CK)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Statins can cause myopathy and rhabdomyolysis; a CK level is
used to assess for muscle damage.
5. A patient with a history of severe penicillin allergy (anaphylaxis) requires antibiotic
treatment for a skin infection. Which of the following should be avoided?
A. Azithromycin
B. Doxycycline
C. Cephalexin
D. Clindamycin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Due to the structural similarity between penicillins and
cephalosporins, patients with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin should generally avoid
cephalosporins due to cross-reactivity risk.
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A 65-year-old patient with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction is prescribed an
ACE inhibitor. Which electrolyte abnormality should the clinician monitor most closely?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of Angiotensin I to
Angiotensin II, leading to decreased aldosterone secretion, which can result in potassium
retention and hyperkalemia.
,2. Which of the following medications is considered first-line for a patient newly diagnosed
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, assuming no contraindications?
A. Metformin
B. Glipizide
C. Sitagliptin
D. Pioglitazone
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacologic agent for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy, safety, and low cost.
3. A patient taking Metformin is scheduled for a CT scan with intravenous iodinated contrast.
What is the standard recommendation for Metformin management?
A. Continue Metformin as usual.
B. Discontinue Metformin at the time of the procedure and withhold for 48 hours.
C. Double the dose the day of the procedure.
D. Switch to insulin permanently.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: To prevent lactic acidosis in the event of contrast-induced
nephropathy, Metformin should be held for 48 hours following the procedure and only
restarted once renal function is confirmed to be normal.
, 4. When prescribing a statin, which laboratory value must be assessed if the patient reports
new-onset, unexplained muscle pain or weakness?
A. Prothrombin Time
B. Alkaline Phosphatase
C. Serum Albumin
D. Creatine Kinase (CK)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Statins can cause myopathy and rhabdomyolysis; a CK level is
used to assess for muscle damage.
5. A patient with a history of severe penicillin allergy (anaphylaxis) requires antibiotic
treatment for a skin infection. Which of the following should be avoided?
A. Azithromycin
B. Doxycycline
C. Cephalexin
D. Clindamycin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Due to the structural similarity between penicillins and
cephalosporins, patients with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin should generally avoid
cephalosporins due to cross-reactivity risk.
