NR 566 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY -
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is scheduled for a CT scan with IV contrast. Which
medication must be withheld for 48 hours after the procedure?
A. Lisinopril
B. Glipizide
C. Metformin
D. Pioglitazone
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin should be withheld before and for 48 hours after
contrast procedures to prevent lactic acidosis in case of contrast-induced acute renal
failure.
2. Which of the following classes of antihypertensives is strictly contraindicated during the
second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to fetal renal damage?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
,C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Thiazide diuretics
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors and ARBs are Category D/X in pregnancy because
they can cause fetal renal failure, oligohydramnios, and skull hypoplasia.
3. A patient taking Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation requires monitoring for which serious
side effect?
A. Gingival hyperplasia
B. Pulmonary toxicity
C. Tardive dyskinesia
D. Lactic acidosis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone is associated with potentially fatal pulmonary
toxicity (interstitial pneumonitis), as well as thyroid and liver dysfunction.
4. When prescribing Levothyroxine for a patient with hypothyroidism, what instruction is
essential regarding administration?
A. Take with a high-calcium meal
B. Take immediately before bedtime
C. Take with iron supplements to enhance absorption
, D. Take on an empty stomach, 30-60 minutes before breakfast
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Levothyroxine absorption is significantly reduced by food,
calcium, and iron; it should be taken on an empty stomach at least 30-60 minutes before
eating.
5. A patient starting Spironolactone should be monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and can lead to
life-threatening hyperkalemia, especially when combined with ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
6. Which mechanism of action describes SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
B. Stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
C. Reducing glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
D. Delaying carbohydrate absorption in the gut
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is scheduled for a CT scan with IV contrast. Which
medication must be withheld for 48 hours after the procedure?
A. Lisinopril
B. Glipizide
C. Metformin
D. Pioglitazone
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin should be withheld before and for 48 hours after
contrast procedures to prevent lactic acidosis in case of contrast-induced acute renal
failure.
2. Which of the following classes of antihypertensives is strictly contraindicated during the
second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to fetal renal damage?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
,C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Thiazide diuretics
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors and ARBs are Category D/X in pregnancy because
they can cause fetal renal failure, oligohydramnios, and skull hypoplasia.
3. A patient taking Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation requires monitoring for which serious
side effect?
A. Gingival hyperplasia
B. Pulmonary toxicity
C. Tardive dyskinesia
D. Lactic acidosis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone is associated with potentially fatal pulmonary
toxicity (interstitial pneumonitis), as well as thyroid and liver dysfunction.
4. When prescribing Levothyroxine for a patient with hypothyroidism, what instruction is
essential regarding administration?
A. Take with a high-calcium meal
B. Take immediately before bedtime
C. Take with iron supplements to enhance absorption
, D. Take on an empty stomach, 30-60 minutes before breakfast
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Levothyroxine absorption is significantly reduced by food,
calcium, and iron; it should be taken on an empty stomach at least 30-60 minutes before
eating.
5. A patient starting Spironolactone should be monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and can lead to
life-threatening hyperkalemia, especially when combined with ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
6. Which mechanism of action describes SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
B. Stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
C. Reducing glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
D. Delaying carbohydrate absorption in the gut
