UNIT 1
1491–1607
THE BEGINNING OF A NEW WORLD
Complete Study & Exam Guide
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INDIGENOUS SOCIETIES
EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
SPANISH COLONIZATION
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
NATIVE–EUROPEAN INTERACTIONS
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KEY CONCEPTS • KEY TERMS • TIMELINES
CAUSE & EFFECT • COMPARISONS
MCQs • SAQs • DBQ PRACTICE
ONE-PAGE CRAM SHEET
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INDEPENDENT STUDY GUIDE
,AP UNITED STATES HISTORY
UNIT 1: 1491–1607
Indigenous North America • European
Exploration • Columbian Exchange • Spanish
Colonization • Cultural Interaction
APUSH Premium Exam-Focused Study Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Unit Overview
2. Historical Background: North America
Before 1491
3. Major Indigenous Societies
4. European Exploration
5. Christopher Columbus and European
Contact
6. Spanish Exploration and Colonization
7. The Columbian Exchange
8. Native American–European
Interactions
9. Important People
10. Key Terms
11. Important Dates
12. Cause-and-Effect Relationships
, 13. Compare & Contrast
14. APUSH Historical Thinking Skills
15. AP-Style Multiple-Choice Questions
16. Short-Answer Questions
17. DBQ Practice
18. One-Page Final Revision Sheet
19. Final "Can You Explain It?" Checklist
1. UNIT OVERVIEW
What Is Unit 1 About?
APUSH Unit 1 examines the period 1491–
1607, beginning with the many Indigenous
societies that existed in North America before
sustained European colonization and ending
with the establishment of Jamestown in
1607.
The central story is not simply "Europeans
discovered America."
A better way to understand the period is:
Diverse Indigenous societies already existed
↓
European nations expanded exploration
↓
, Europeans and Indigenous peoples came
into contact
↓
Goods, diseases, animals, crops, people,
ideas, and technologies crossed the Atlantic
↓
Spanish and other Europeans established
colonies
↓
Indigenous societies experienced
cooperation, resistance, demographic
change, and cultural transformation
↓
A new Atlantic world developed
The College Board emphasizes that students
should understand both why European
exploration occurred and how Native
populations interacted with their
environments before European contact.
THE 10 THINGS YOU ABSOLUTELY NEED TO
REMEMBER