Milady- Chapter 6: Anatomy and Physiology:
Final Chapter Exam with answers
Section 1: Cells, Tissues, and Organs
1. The study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures is
called:
A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Histology
D. Osteology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anatomy is the study of body structures visible to the naked eye.
Physiology is specifically the study of the functions and activities performed by
those structures. Histology is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues,
and osteology is the study of bones.
2. The study of tiny structures found in living tissue is known as:
A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Histology
D. Neurology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Histology, also referred to as microscopic anatomy, is the study of
tiny structures found in living tissues. This is distinct from anatomy (gross
structures visible to the naked eye) and physiology (functions of structures).
,3. The cells of all living organisms are made of a colorless, jellylike substance
called:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleoplasm
C. Protoplasm
D. Cell membrane
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protoplasm is the colorless, jellylike substance found inside cells in
which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and
water are present. It is the fundamental substance of all living cells.
4. The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell that plays an
important role in cell reproduction is the:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Cell membrane
D. Centriole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus is the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of
the cell. It plays a critical role in cell reproduction and metabolism, containing the
genetic material necessary for cell division.
5. The watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus and is needed for growth,
reproduction, and self-repair is the:
A. Protoplasm
B. Nucleoplasm
C. Cytoplasm
D. Cell membrane
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cytoplasm is the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the
cell. It is essential for cell growth, reproduction, and self-repair, providing the
medium for chemical reactions within the cell.
6. The part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble
substances to enter and leave is the:
A. Nucleus
B. Cell membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Centriole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cell membrane is the outer boundary of the cell that encloses
the protoplasm. It is selectively permeable, permitting soluble substances to enter
and leave the cell while maintaining the cell's integrity.
7. The process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called
daughter cells is known as:
A. Metabolism
B. Mitosis
C. Anabolism
D. Catabolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitosis is the usual process of cell reproduction in human tissues.
During mitosis, the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells, each
containing the same genetic material as the parent cell.
, 8. The chemical process through which cells are nourished and supplied with
energy is called:
A. Mitosis
B. Metabolism
C. Anabolism
D. Catabolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolism is the complex chemical process whereby body cells
are nourished and supplied with energy needed to carry on their many activities.
It encompasses both anabolism and catabolism.
9. The phase of metabolism that involves building up larger molecules from
smaller ones is:
A. Catabolism
B. Anabolism
C. Mitosis
D. Osmosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anabolism is constructive metabolism—the process of building up
larger molecules from smaller ones. During this phase, the body stores water,
food, and oxygen for when they are needed for cell growth and repair.
10. The phase of metabolism that involves breaking down complex compounds
into smaller ones is:
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Mitosis
D. Metabolism
Final Chapter Exam with answers
Section 1: Cells, Tissues, and Organs
1. The study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures is
called:
A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Histology
D. Osteology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anatomy is the study of body structures visible to the naked eye.
Physiology is specifically the study of the functions and activities performed by
those structures. Histology is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues,
and osteology is the study of bones.
2. The study of tiny structures found in living tissue is known as:
A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Histology
D. Neurology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Histology, also referred to as microscopic anatomy, is the study of
tiny structures found in living tissues. This is distinct from anatomy (gross
structures visible to the naked eye) and physiology (functions of structures).
,3. The cells of all living organisms are made of a colorless, jellylike substance
called:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleoplasm
C. Protoplasm
D. Cell membrane
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protoplasm is the colorless, jellylike substance found inside cells in
which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and
water are present. It is the fundamental substance of all living cells.
4. The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell that plays an
important role in cell reproduction is the:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Cell membrane
D. Centriole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus is the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of
the cell. It plays a critical role in cell reproduction and metabolism, containing the
genetic material necessary for cell division.
5. The watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus and is needed for growth,
reproduction, and self-repair is the:
A. Protoplasm
B. Nucleoplasm
C. Cytoplasm
D. Cell membrane
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cytoplasm is the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the
cell. It is essential for cell growth, reproduction, and self-repair, providing the
medium for chemical reactions within the cell.
6. The part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble
substances to enter and leave is the:
A. Nucleus
B. Cell membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Centriole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cell membrane is the outer boundary of the cell that encloses
the protoplasm. It is selectively permeable, permitting soluble substances to enter
and leave the cell while maintaining the cell's integrity.
7. The process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called
daughter cells is known as:
A. Metabolism
B. Mitosis
C. Anabolism
D. Catabolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitosis is the usual process of cell reproduction in human tissues.
During mitosis, the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells, each
containing the same genetic material as the parent cell.
, 8. The chemical process through which cells are nourished and supplied with
energy is called:
A. Mitosis
B. Metabolism
C. Anabolism
D. Catabolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolism is the complex chemical process whereby body cells
are nourished and supplied with energy needed to carry on their many activities.
It encompasses both anabolism and catabolism.
9. The phase of metabolism that involves building up larger molecules from
smaller ones is:
A. Catabolism
B. Anabolism
C. Mitosis
D. Osmosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anabolism is constructive metabolism—the process of building up
larger molecules from smaller ones. During this phase, the body stores water,
food, and oxygen for when they are needed for cell growth and repair.
10. The phase of metabolism that involves breaking down complex compounds
into smaller ones is:
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Mitosis
D. Metabolism
