NRG 200 Pharmacology for Human Caring
Nursing – 150-Question Practice Exam
Midterm and Final Exam Review |
2025/2026 Edition
Section I: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (1–20)
1. The process by which a drug moves from the site of administration into the
bloodstream is called:
A. Distribution
B. Absorption
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Absorption is the movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the bloodstream.
2. Which route has 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Intramuscular
C. Intravenous
D. Subcutaneous
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intravenous administration bypasses absorption barriers and
delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation.
3. The first-pass effect primarily affects drugs administered by which route?
,A. Intravenous
B. Oral
C. Sublingual
D. Transdermal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orally administered drugs pass through the liver via the portal vein
and may be extensively metabolized before reaching systemic circulation.
4. The time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by 50% is
the:
A. Onset
B. Peak
C. Half-life
D. Duration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for drug concentration to decrease by
50%.
5. Steady state is generally reached after approximately:
A. 1 half-life
B. 2 half-lives
C. 4–5 half-lives
D. 10 half-lives
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Steady state is typically reached after 4–5 half-lives.
6. A loading dose is calculated primarily based on:
A. Volume of distribution
B. Clearance
,C. Half-life
D. Bioavailability only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Loading dose is based on volume of distribution and desired
plasma concentration.
7. Only which portion of a drug is pharmacologically active?
A. Protein-bound drug
B. Unbound drug
C. Metabolized drug
D. Conjugated drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Only unbound drug is pharmacologically active and available for
distribution and action.
8. Which CYP450 enzyme metabolizes the majority of drugs?
A. CYP1A2
B. CYP2D6
C. CYP3A4
D. CYP2C9
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CYP3A4 metabolizes approximately 50% of all drugs.
9. Grapefruit juice interacts with drugs by:
A. Inducing CYP3A4
B. Inhibiting CYP3A4
C. Increasing renal excretion
D. Decreasing protein binding
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grapefruit juice inhibits intestinal CYP3A4, increasing levels of
affected drugs.
10. A drug that binds to a receptor and produces a maximal response is a:
A. Partial agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Full agonist
D. Inverse agonist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A full agonist binds to and fully activates a receptor, producing a
maximal response.
11. A competitive antagonist:
A. Permanently binds the receptor
B. Can be overcome by increasing agonist concentration
C. Produces a maximal response
D. Increases receptor sensitivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competitive antagonists bind reversibly and can be displaced by
higher concentrations of agonist.
12. A drug with a narrow therapeutic index requires:
A. No monitoring
B. Therapeutic drug monitoring
C. Higher doses
D. Less frequent dosing
Nursing – 150-Question Practice Exam
Midterm and Final Exam Review |
2025/2026 Edition
Section I: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (1–20)
1. The process by which a drug moves from the site of administration into the
bloodstream is called:
A. Distribution
B. Absorption
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Absorption is the movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the bloodstream.
2. Which route has 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Intramuscular
C. Intravenous
D. Subcutaneous
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intravenous administration bypasses absorption barriers and
delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation.
3. The first-pass effect primarily affects drugs administered by which route?
,A. Intravenous
B. Oral
C. Sublingual
D. Transdermal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orally administered drugs pass through the liver via the portal vein
and may be extensively metabolized before reaching systemic circulation.
4. The time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by 50% is
the:
A. Onset
B. Peak
C. Half-life
D. Duration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for drug concentration to decrease by
50%.
5. Steady state is generally reached after approximately:
A. 1 half-life
B. 2 half-lives
C. 4–5 half-lives
D. 10 half-lives
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Steady state is typically reached after 4–5 half-lives.
6. A loading dose is calculated primarily based on:
A. Volume of distribution
B. Clearance
,C. Half-life
D. Bioavailability only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Loading dose is based on volume of distribution and desired
plasma concentration.
7. Only which portion of a drug is pharmacologically active?
A. Protein-bound drug
B. Unbound drug
C. Metabolized drug
D. Conjugated drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Only unbound drug is pharmacologically active and available for
distribution and action.
8. Which CYP450 enzyme metabolizes the majority of drugs?
A. CYP1A2
B. CYP2D6
C. CYP3A4
D. CYP2C9
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CYP3A4 metabolizes approximately 50% of all drugs.
9. Grapefruit juice interacts with drugs by:
A. Inducing CYP3A4
B. Inhibiting CYP3A4
C. Increasing renal excretion
D. Decreasing protein binding
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grapefruit juice inhibits intestinal CYP3A4, increasing levels of
affected drugs.
10. A drug that binds to a receptor and produces a maximal response is a:
A. Partial agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Full agonist
D. Inverse agonist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A full agonist binds to and fully activates a receptor, producing a
maximal response.
11. A competitive antagonist:
A. Permanently binds the receptor
B. Can be overcome by increasing agonist concentration
C. Produces a maximal response
D. Increases receptor sensitivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competitive antagonists bind reversibly and can be displaced by
higher concentrations of agonist.
12. A drug with a narrow therapeutic index requires:
A. No monitoring
B. Therapeutic drug monitoring
C. Higher doses
D. Less frequent dosing
