NSG 103 — Pharmacology for Nursing
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1. Which pharmacokinetic process refers to the movement of a drug
from the site of administration into the bloodstream?
A. Distribution
B. Metabolism
C. Absorption
D. Excretion
Answer: C. Absorption
Rationale: Absorption is the process by which a drug enters the
systemic circulation from its administration site. Factors such as route
of administration, blood flow, gastrointestinal function, and drug
formulation can affect the rate and extent of absorption.
, 2. Which organ is primarily responsible for metabolizing most
medications?
A. Heart
B. Liver
C. Spleen
D. Pancreas
Answer: B. Liver
Rationale: The liver is the major site of drug metabolism. Hepatic
enzymes, particularly the cytochrome P450 system, chemically modify
many medications so they can be more readily eliminated from the
body.
3. A nurse is administering a medication orally. Which factor most
directly affects the drug's bioavailability?
A. Color of the medication
B. Extent of absorption and first-pass metabolism
C. Patient's height only
D. Route of drug excretion only
Answer: B. Extent of absorption and first-pass metabolism
Rationale: Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered
drug that reaches systemic circulation in an active form. Oral
,medications may undergo incomplete absorption and first-pass
metabolism in the liver, reducing the amount that reaches systemic
circulation.
4. Which medication route provides 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous
C. Intramuscular
D. Intravenous
Answer: D. Intravenous
Rationale: Intravenous administration delivers the medication directly
into the bloodstream, so the entire administered dose is considered
bioavailable. It also produces a rapid onset of action compared with
most other routes.
5. The nurse is teaching a patient about a medication's half-life.
Which statement best describes half-life?
A. The time required for a drug to begin working
B. The time required for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body
C. The time required for the drug to reach its highest concentration
D. The time required for the drug to be completely eliminated
, Answer: B. The time required for half of the drug to be eliminated
from the body
Rationale: A drug's half-life is the time required for its plasma
concentration to decrease by 50%. Half-life helps determine
medication dosing intervals and the approximate time required to
reach steady-state concentrations.
6. Which medication response is considered a therapeutic effect?
A. The intended beneficial response to the medication
B. An unexpected toxic reaction
C. An allergic reaction
D. A medication error
Answer: A. The intended beneficial response to the medication
Rationale: The therapeutic effect is the desired clinical response for
which a medication is prescribed. Nurses monitor patients to
determine whether the expected therapeutic response occurs while
also watching for adverse effects.
7. A patient develops hives, wheezing, and difficulty breathing
shortly after receiving a medication. What should the nurse
recognize?
Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A| Instant
Download Pdf
1. Which pharmacokinetic process refers to the movement of a drug
from the site of administration into the bloodstream?
A. Distribution
B. Metabolism
C. Absorption
D. Excretion
Answer: C. Absorption
Rationale: Absorption is the process by which a drug enters the
systemic circulation from its administration site. Factors such as route
of administration, blood flow, gastrointestinal function, and drug
formulation can affect the rate and extent of absorption.
, 2. Which organ is primarily responsible for metabolizing most
medications?
A. Heart
B. Liver
C. Spleen
D. Pancreas
Answer: B. Liver
Rationale: The liver is the major site of drug metabolism. Hepatic
enzymes, particularly the cytochrome P450 system, chemically modify
many medications so they can be more readily eliminated from the
body.
3. A nurse is administering a medication orally. Which factor most
directly affects the drug's bioavailability?
A. Color of the medication
B. Extent of absorption and first-pass metabolism
C. Patient's height only
D. Route of drug excretion only
Answer: B. Extent of absorption and first-pass metabolism
Rationale: Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered
drug that reaches systemic circulation in an active form. Oral
,medications may undergo incomplete absorption and first-pass
metabolism in the liver, reducing the amount that reaches systemic
circulation.
4. Which medication route provides 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous
C. Intramuscular
D. Intravenous
Answer: D. Intravenous
Rationale: Intravenous administration delivers the medication directly
into the bloodstream, so the entire administered dose is considered
bioavailable. It also produces a rapid onset of action compared with
most other routes.
5. The nurse is teaching a patient about a medication's half-life.
Which statement best describes half-life?
A. The time required for a drug to begin working
B. The time required for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body
C. The time required for the drug to reach its highest concentration
D. The time required for the drug to be completely eliminated
, Answer: B. The time required for half of the drug to be eliminated
from the body
Rationale: A drug's half-life is the time required for its plasma
concentration to decrease by 50%. Half-life helps determine
medication dosing intervals and the approximate time required to
reach steady-state concentrations.
6. Which medication response is considered a therapeutic effect?
A. The intended beneficial response to the medication
B. An unexpected toxic reaction
C. An allergic reaction
D. A medication error
Answer: A. The intended beneficial response to the medication
Rationale: The therapeutic effect is the desired clinical response for
which a medication is prescribed. Nurses monitor patients to
determine whether the expected therapeutic response occurs while
also watching for adverse effects.
7. A patient develops hives, wheezing, and difficulty breathing
shortly after receiving a medication. What should the nurse
recognize?
