NUR 631 PATHO FINAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
THIS YEAR JUST RELEASED
Question 1: Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that results
in which maternal antibody?
A. binding with receptors for neural transmitters on muscle cells,
causing neonatal muscular weakness
B. affecting the receptor for TSH, causing neonatal hyperthyroidism
C. Inducing anomalies in the fetus or causing pregnancy loss
D. destroying platelets in the fetus and neonate
Answer:
ANS: B
Graves disease is an autoimmune disease in which maternal antibody against
the receptor for TSH causes neonatal hyperthyroidism. Myasthenia gravis is
an autoimmune disease in which maternal antibody binds with receptors for
neural transmitters on muscle cells (acetylcholine receptors), causing neonatal
muscular weakness. Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease
in which diverse maternal autoantibodies induce anomalies (e.g., congenital
heart defects) in the fetus or cause pregnancy loss. Immune thrombocytopenic
purpura causes both autoimmune and alloimmune variants to occur, during
which maternal antiplatelet antibody destroys platelets in the fetus and
neonate.
Question 2: Which disorders are considered autoimmune? (Select
all that apply.)
A. Crohn disease
B. Addison disease
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Systemic lupus erythematosus
E. noninsulin-dependent diabetes
,Answer:
ANS: A, B, C, D
Crohn disease, Addison disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus
erythematosus are all diseases that result from autoimmune pathologic
conditions. Insulin-dependent diabetes is also an autoimmune disorder, but
noninsulin-dependent diabetes is not.
Question 3: What is the most common pathophysiologic process
that triggers aplastic anemia (AA)?
A. autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic
T (Tc) cells
B. Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation
of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells
C. autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated
immunoglobulins
D. Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission
Answer:
ANS: A
Most cases of AA result from an autoimmune disease directed against
hematopoietic stem cells. Tc cells appear to be the main culprits. None of the
remaining options is considered a common trigger of AA.
Question 4: Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune
hemolytic anemia?
A. warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia occurs primarily in men
B. it is self-limiting and rarely produces hemolysis
C. erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the
spleen
D. Immunoglobulin M coats erythrocytes and binds them to receptors
on monocytes
,Answer:
ANS: C
The immunoglobulin G-coated red blood cells bind to the Fc receptors on
monocytes and splenic macrophages and are removed by phagocytosis. The
other options are not true when considering this type of anemia.
Question 5: When considering hemolytic anemia, which statement
is true regarding the occurrence of jaundice?
A. erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen
B. Heme destruction exceeds the livers ability to comjugate and
excrete bilirubin
C. The patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and
alanine transaminase (ALT)
D. The erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin
Answer:
ANS: B
Jaundice (icterus) is present when heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability
to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. This selection is the only option that
accurately describes the process that affects the occurrence of hemolytic
anemia-related jaundice.
Question 6: Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective
bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron
metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which
type of anemia?
A. Aplastic
B. Sideroblastic
C. Anemia of chronic disease
D. Iron deficiency
Answer:
, ANS: C
Anemia of chronic disease results from a combination of (1) decreased
erythrocyte life span, (2) suppressed production of erythropoietin, (3)
ineffective bone marrow erythroid progenitor response to erythropoietin, and
(4) altered iron metabolism and iron sequestration in macrophages. This result
is not true of the other options.
Question 7: Considering iron replacement therapy prescribed for
iron deficiency anemia, who is likely to require long-term daily
maintenance dosage?
A. a woman who has not yet experienced menopause
B. a teenager who is involved in strenuous athletics
C. A middle-aged man who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day
D. an older person demonstrating signs of dementia
Answer:
ANS: A
Menstruating women may need daily oral iron replacement therapy (325
mg/day) until menopause as a result of their menstrual blood loss. None of the
other options are a chronic source of blood loss.
Question 8: Which statement is true regarding the physical
manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
A. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia seldom results in neurologic
symptoms
B. The chances of a cure are good with appropriate treatment
C. The condition is reversible in 75% of the cases
D. Symptoms are a result of demyelination
Answer:
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
THIS YEAR JUST RELEASED
Question 1: Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that results
in which maternal antibody?
A. binding with receptors for neural transmitters on muscle cells,
causing neonatal muscular weakness
B. affecting the receptor for TSH, causing neonatal hyperthyroidism
C. Inducing anomalies in the fetus or causing pregnancy loss
D. destroying platelets in the fetus and neonate
Answer:
ANS: B
Graves disease is an autoimmune disease in which maternal antibody against
the receptor for TSH causes neonatal hyperthyroidism. Myasthenia gravis is
an autoimmune disease in which maternal antibody binds with receptors for
neural transmitters on muscle cells (acetylcholine receptors), causing neonatal
muscular weakness. Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease
in which diverse maternal autoantibodies induce anomalies (e.g., congenital
heart defects) in the fetus or cause pregnancy loss. Immune thrombocytopenic
purpura causes both autoimmune and alloimmune variants to occur, during
which maternal antiplatelet antibody destroys platelets in the fetus and
neonate.
Question 2: Which disorders are considered autoimmune? (Select
all that apply.)
A. Crohn disease
B. Addison disease
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Systemic lupus erythematosus
E. noninsulin-dependent diabetes
,Answer:
ANS: A, B, C, D
Crohn disease, Addison disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus
erythematosus are all diseases that result from autoimmune pathologic
conditions. Insulin-dependent diabetes is also an autoimmune disorder, but
noninsulin-dependent diabetes is not.
Question 3: What is the most common pathophysiologic process
that triggers aplastic anemia (AA)?
A. autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic
T (Tc) cells
B. Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation
of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells
C. autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated
immunoglobulins
D. Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission
Answer:
ANS: A
Most cases of AA result from an autoimmune disease directed against
hematopoietic stem cells. Tc cells appear to be the main culprits. None of the
remaining options is considered a common trigger of AA.
Question 4: Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune
hemolytic anemia?
A. warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia occurs primarily in men
B. it is self-limiting and rarely produces hemolysis
C. erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the
spleen
D. Immunoglobulin M coats erythrocytes and binds them to receptors
on monocytes
,Answer:
ANS: C
The immunoglobulin G-coated red blood cells bind to the Fc receptors on
monocytes and splenic macrophages and are removed by phagocytosis. The
other options are not true when considering this type of anemia.
Question 5: When considering hemolytic anemia, which statement
is true regarding the occurrence of jaundice?
A. erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen
B. Heme destruction exceeds the livers ability to comjugate and
excrete bilirubin
C. The patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and
alanine transaminase (ALT)
D. The erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin
Answer:
ANS: B
Jaundice (icterus) is present when heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability
to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. This selection is the only option that
accurately describes the process that affects the occurrence of hemolytic
anemia-related jaundice.
Question 6: Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective
bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron
metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which
type of anemia?
A. Aplastic
B. Sideroblastic
C. Anemia of chronic disease
D. Iron deficiency
Answer:
, ANS: C
Anemia of chronic disease results from a combination of (1) decreased
erythrocyte life span, (2) suppressed production of erythropoietin, (3)
ineffective bone marrow erythroid progenitor response to erythropoietin, and
(4) altered iron metabolism and iron sequestration in macrophages. This result
is not true of the other options.
Question 7: Considering iron replacement therapy prescribed for
iron deficiency anemia, who is likely to require long-term daily
maintenance dosage?
A. a woman who has not yet experienced menopause
B. a teenager who is involved in strenuous athletics
C. A middle-aged man who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day
D. an older person demonstrating signs of dementia
Answer:
ANS: A
Menstruating women may need daily oral iron replacement therapy (325
mg/day) until menopause as a result of their menstrual blood loss. None of the
other options are a chronic source of blood loss.
Question 8: Which statement is true regarding the physical
manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
A. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia seldom results in neurologic
symptoms
B. The chances of a cure are good with appropriate treatment
C. The condition is reversible in 75% of the cases
D. Symptoms are a result of demyelination
Answer:
