PORTAGE BIOD
101 MODULE 6
TEST WITH
SOLUTIONS 2026
UPDATE
[Document subtitle]
,During the Gram-stain procedure, Gram-positive bacteria retain a dye that is
_______ in color, while Gram-negative bacteria retain a dye that is _________ in
color. - correct ans:purple; pink/red
Neutrophils - correct ans:The most abundant type of phagocytic cell. Play a
major role in the process of inflammation. Have a characteristic grainy, multi-
lobes (2-5) nuceli under a microscope.
Lymphocytes - correct ans:play roles in both innate and adaptive immune
defenses and include natural killer cells (NK cells), B cells, and T cells.
Monocytes - correct ans:Naive, undifferentiated cells that will become
Macrophages and dendritic cells, these are the differentiated versions of this
immune cell.
Macrophages - correct ans:phagocytic cells that may travel through the
bloodstream patrolling or may permanently be located in tissues throughout
the body.
Dendritic Cells - correct ans:Are similar to macrophages but exhibit higher
specificity for pathogens and are classified as both innate and adaptive cells.
Reside in tissues to engulf pathogens.
Eosinophils - correct ans:Are found in low concentration within the blood and
in high concentration in epithelial tissue. Fight parasitic infections by
releasing damaging enzymes onto the parasite. They also play a role in
allergic and inflammatory responses.
Barrier defenses fall under the adaptive arm of the immune system - correct
ans:False: Barrier defenses fall under the innate arm of the immune system.
, Which of the following statements is/are true of Eukaryotic cells? (select all
that apply)
A) DNA is housed in a membrane-bound nucleus
B) They are always single celled
C) Bacteria are examples
D) All of the above statements are true - correct ans:A
List the THREE common bacterial shapes - correct ans:Cocci, Bacilli, and
Spiral
Explain how pathogens use capsules to evade host cell detection - correct
ans:Pathogens can sometimes form protective capsules that are thick
enough to mask surface antigens. Not only are the pathogens difficult to
recognize, but the capsule provides the additional benefit of protecting the
microorganisms from degradation by host antimicrobial proteins.
Where is lysozyme found? Describe how lysozyme destroys pathogens that
have entered the body. - correct ans:Lysozyme is a secreted enzyme found in
mucus, tears and saliva that interferes with the peptidoglycan walls of some
bacteria and can thus destroy potential invaders.
Each of the following statements is true about GAS except
A) It is the causative pathogen of strep throat
B) It is a Gram-positive cocci arranged in chain
C) It is very treatable in developed nations.
D) The mode of transmission is only through person-to-person contact via
saliva
101 MODULE 6
TEST WITH
SOLUTIONS 2026
UPDATE
[Document subtitle]
,During the Gram-stain procedure, Gram-positive bacteria retain a dye that is
_______ in color, while Gram-negative bacteria retain a dye that is _________ in
color. - correct ans:purple; pink/red
Neutrophils - correct ans:The most abundant type of phagocytic cell. Play a
major role in the process of inflammation. Have a characteristic grainy, multi-
lobes (2-5) nuceli under a microscope.
Lymphocytes - correct ans:play roles in both innate and adaptive immune
defenses and include natural killer cells (NK cells), B cells, and T cells.
Monocytes - correct ans:Naive, undifferentiated cells that will become
Macrophages and dendritic cells, these are the differentiated versions of this
immune cell.
Macrophages - correct ans:phagocytic cells that may travel through the
bloodstream patrolling or may permanently be located in tissues throughout
the body.
Dendritic Cells - correct ans:Are similar to macrophages but exhibit higher
specificity for pathogens and are classified as both innate and adaptive cells.
Reside in tissues to engulf pathogens.
Eosinophils - correct ans:Are found in low concentration within the blood and
in high concentration in epithelial tissue. Fight parasitic infections by
releasing damaging enzymes onto the parasite. They also play a role in
allergic and inflammatory responses.
Barrier defenses fall under the adaptive arm of the immune system - correct
ans:False: Barrier defenses fall under the innate arm of the immune system.
, Which of the following statements is/are true of Eukaryotic cells? (select all
that apply)
A) DNA is housed in a membrane-bound nucleus
B) They are always single celled
C) Bacteria are examples
D) All of the above statements are true - correct ans:A
List the THREE common bacterial shapes - correct ans:Cocci, Bacilli, and
Spiral
Explain how pathogens use capsules to evade host cell detection - correct
ans:Pathogens can sometimes form protective capsules that are thick
enough to mask surface antigens. Not only are the pathogens difficult to
recognize, but the capsule provides the additional benefit of protecting the
microorganisms from degradation by host antimicrobial proteins.
Where is lysozyme found? Describe how lysozyme destroys pathogens that
have entered the body. - correct ans:Lysozyme is a secreted enzyme found in
mucus, tears and saliva that interferes with the peptidoglycan walls of some
bacteria and can thus destroy potential invaders.
Each of the following statements is true about GAS except
A) It is the causative pathogen of strep throat
B) It is a Gram-positive cocci arranged in chain
C) It is very treatable in developed nations.
D) The mode of transmission is only through person-to-person contact via
saliva
