NSG 430 Exam 2 (Cardiac and Kidney) Grand
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Terms in this set (160)
First step to produce the greatest 1. First, assess for the readiness to change and health
reduction in risk for CAD. literacy.
2. Then, help the patient select the lifestyle changes
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) chest pain from ischemia is prolonged and not
immediately reversible (STEMI and NSTEMI)
Unstable angina (UA) chest pain that is new in onset, occurs at rest. The pain
usually lasts 10 minutes or more
myocardial infarction (MI) occurs because of an abrupt stoppage of blood flow
through a coronary artery with a thrombus caused by
platelet aggregation.
,STEMI occlusive thrombus, results in ST-elevation. The artery
must be opened within 90 minutes of presentation to
restore blood and O2 to the heart muscle (by PCI or
thrombolytic therapy)
PCI Done in Cath lab. first-line treatment for MI. It
confirms which artery has the occlusive thrombus so it
can be opened with a balloon and stent
- performed with local anesthesia
- patient is ambulatory shortly after the procedure
- hospital stay is about 3 to 4 days after MI
Thrombolytic therapy done in hospitals that do not have a catheterization
laboratory for PCI for a pt with STEMI.
- limit the infarction size by dissolving the thrombus in
the coronary artery
- give the thrombolytic within 30 minutes of the
patient's arrival to the ED
- All thrombolytics (e.g., tenecteplase, alteplase) are
given IV
Not candidates for PCI (CABG surgery diabetes, left ventricle dysfunction, chronic kidney
used instead) disease, failed PCI with ongoing chest pain,
blockages are long or difficult to access
,CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) placement of arterial or venous grafts to provide
blood from the aorta to the heart muscle distal to
blocked coronary arteries.
Requires:
- sternotomy (opening of the chest cavity)
- cardiopulmonary bypass (blood is diverted from the
patient's heart to a machine where it is oxygenated
and returned)
The Internal hammer artery (IMA) is the most common
artery used for bypass graft.
CABG medications Perioperative calcium channel blockers and long-
acting nitrates can control the spasms
Minimally invasive direct coronary does not involve a sternotomy and CPB.
artery bypass (MIDCAB)
off-pump coronary artery bypass requires sternotomy but no CPB
(OPCAB) performed on a beating heart
Totally endoscopic coronary artery uses a robotic technology to perform CABG surgery.
bypass (TECAB) No CPB.
PCI and thromolytic therapy pallitative palliative. Not a cure
or cure?
, procedure of thombolytic therapy 1. draw blood to obtain baseline laboratory values
2. start 2 or 3 lines for IV therapy.
perform all invasive procedures before giving
thrombolytic therapy
- therapy is given in 1 IV bolus or over time (30 to 90
minutes)
Signs that repercussion occurred 1. return of the ST segment to baseline on the ECG
2. resolution of chest pain
3. rapid rise of the serum cardiac biomarkers within 3
hours of therapy (necrotic heart cells release proteins
into the circulation after perfusion is restored to the
area)
NSTEMI nonocclusive thrombus, does not cause ST segment
elevation. patients usually undergo catheterization
within 12 to 72 hours. Thrombolytic therapy is not
indicated
diabetics with MI may have silent (asymptomatic) MIs because of
cardiac neuropathy or have atypical symptoms (e.g.,
shortness of breath). NOT candidates for PCI= CABG
surgery
Initial phase of MI sympathetic NS release (norepinephrine and
epinephrine) = diaphoresis, increased HR and BP (later
drops from decreased CO) and vasoconstriction of
peripheral blood vessels, Fever (up to 100.4, 38 in first
24-48 hrs)
patient’s skin may be ashen, clammy, and cool to
touch.
Canyon University – Questions With Solutions
Add to calendar
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (160)
First step to produce the greatest 1. First, assess for the readiness to change and health
reduction in risk for CAD. literacy.
2. Then, help the patient select the lifestyle changes
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) chest pain from ischemia is prolonged and not
immediately reversible (STEMI and NSTEMI)
Unstable angina (UA) chest pain that is new in onset, occurs at rest. The pain
usually lasts 10 minutes or more
myocardial infarction (MI) occurs because of an abrupt stoppage of blood flow
through a coronary artery with a thrombus caused by
platelet aggregation.
,STEMI occlusive thrombus, results in ST-elevation. The artery
must be opened within 90 minutes of presentation to
restore blood and O2 to the heart muscle (by PCI or
thrombolytic therapy)
PCI Done in Cath lab. first-line treatment for MI. It
confirms which artery has the occlusive thrombus so it
can be opened with a balloon and stent
- performed with local anesthesia
- patient is ambulatory shortly after the procedure
- hospital stay is about 3 to 4 days after MI
Thrombolytic therapy done in hospitals that do not have a catheterization
laboratory for PCI for a pt with STEMI.
- limit the infarction size by dissolving the thrombus in
the coronary artery
- give the thrombolytic within 30 minutes of the
patient's arrival to the ED
- All thrombolytics (e.g., tenecteplase, alteplase) are
given IV
Not candidates for PCI (CABG surgery diabetes, left ventricle dysfunction, chronic kidney
used instead) disease, failed PCI with ongoing chest pain,
blockages are long or difficult to access
,CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) placement of arterial or venous grafts to provide
blood from the aorta to the heart muscle distal to
blocked coronary arteries.
Requires:
- sternotomy (opening of the chest cavity)
- cardiopulmonary bypass (blood is diverted from the
patient's heart to a machine where it is oxygenated
and returned)
The Internal hammer artery (IMA) is the most common
artery used for bypass graft.
CABG medications Perioperative calcium channel blockers and long-
acting nitrates can control the spasms
Minimally invasive direct coronary does not involve a sternotomy and CPB.
artery bypass (MIDCAB)
off-pump coronary artery bypass requires sternotomy but no CPB
(OPCAB) performed on a beating heart
Totally endoscopic coronary artery uses a robotic technology to perform CABG surgery.
bypass (TECAB) No CPB.
PCI and thromolytic therapy pallitative palliative. Not a cure
or cure?
, procedure of thombolytic therapy 1. draw blood to obtain baseline laboratory values
2. start 2 or 3 lines for IV therapy.
perform all invasive procedures before giving
thrombolytic therapy
- therapy is given in 1 IV bolus or over time (30 to 90
minutes)
Signs that repercussion occurred 1. return of the ST segment to baseline on the ECG
2. resolution of chest pain
3. rapid rise of the serum cardiac biomarkers within 3
hours of therapy (necrotic heart cells release proteins
into the circulation after perfusion is restored to the
area)
NSTEMI nonocclusive thrombus, does not cause ST segment
elevation. patients usually undergo catheterization
within 12 to 72 hours. Thrombolytic therapy is not
indicated
diabetics with MI may have silent (asymptomatic) MIs because of
cardiac neuropathy or have atypical symptoms (e.g.,
shortness of breath). NOT candidates for PCI= CABG
surgery
Initial phase of MI sympathetic NS release (norepinephrine and
epinephrine) = diaphoresis, increased HR and BP (later
drops from decreased CO) and vasoconstriction of
peripheral blood vessels, Fever (up to 100.4, 38 in first
24-48 hrs)
patient’s skin may be ashen, clammy, and cool to
touch.
