NSG 430 Exam 2 – Questions With Insightful
Solutions
Add to calendar
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (239)
Left-sided heart failure blood backs up into the left atrium causing pulmonary
congestion and then edema
- dyspnea
- fatigue, weakness
- nocturia
- orthopnea
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- crackles
- S3 and S4 heart sounds
,right-sided heart failure right ventricle fails to pump and blood back into
systemic veins causing fluid accumulation in tissues
and organs
• ↑ HR
• Anasarca (massive generalized edema)
• Ascites
• Edema (e.g., pedal, scrotum)
• Hepatomegaly
• JVD
• Murmurs
• Weight gain
what is the primary cause of right- left-sided heart failure
sided heart failure?
what are some compensatory 1. RAAS (retains sodium and water to increase
mechanisms of heart failure? circulating volume)
2. sympathetic nervous system (increases HR, which
increases contractility)
3. ventricular dilation (heart tries to adapt structurally)
4. ventricle hypertrophy (helps ventricle generate
force)
how does the structure of the heart heart remodels
change in heart failure? - heart chambers enlarge
- ventricles hypertrophy
,what is ANP? atrial natriuretic peptide
-released from the atria in response to increased
blood volume and cardiac wall stretching
- promote diuresis and vasodilation
- counteract RAAS and SNS effects
- reduce afterload and BP
what is BNP? B-type natriuretic peptide
- released from the ventricles in response to
increased blood volume and cardiac wall stretching
- promote diuresis and vasodilation
- counteract RAAS and SNS effects
- reduce afterload and BP
clinical manifestations of early acute raised venous pressure, dyspnea, and tachypnea
decompensated heart failure
clinical manifestations of late acute pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and acidosis
decompensated heart failure
s/s of pulmonary edema late ADHF
- anxious, pale
- dyspnea and orthopnea
- tachypnea with accessory muscles
- frothy, blood-tinged sputum
- lung crackles
- S3 or S4 heart sounds
what does wet or dry mean in ADHF? congestion or fluid overload
, what does warm or cold mean in adequate or reduced tissue perfusion
ADHF?
dry-warm ADHF adequate perfusion, no fluid overload
- most stable
dry-cold ADHF low perfusion, no fluid overload
- low cardiac output and hypoperfusion
wet-warm ADHF fluid overload with perfusion
- dyspnea, crackles
wet-cold ADHF volume overload and hypoperfusion
- most concerning
Solutions
Add to calendar
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (239)
Left-sided heart failure blood backs up into the left atrium causing pulmonary
congestion and then edema
- dyspnea
- fatigue, weakness
- nocturia
- orthopnea
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- crackles
- S3 and S4 heart sounds
,right-sided heart failure right ventricle fails to pump and blood back into
systemic veins causing fluid accumulation in tissues
and organs
• ↑ HR
• Anasarca (massive generalized edema)
• Ascites
• Edema (e.g., pedal, scrotum)
• Hepatomegaly
• JVD
• Murmurs
• Weight gain
what is the primary cause of right- left-sided heart failure
sided heart failure?
what are some compensatory 1. RAAS (retains sodium and water to increase
mechanisms of heart failure? circulating volume)
2. sympathetic nervous system (increases HR, which
increases contractility)
3. ventricular dilation (heart tries to adapt structurally)
4. ventricle hypertrophy (helps ventricle generate
force)
how does the structure of the heart heart remodels
change in heart failure? - heart chambers enlarge
- ventricles hypertrophy
,what is ANP? atrial natriuretic peptide
-released from the atria in response to increased
blood volume and cardiac wall stretching
- promote diuresis and vasodilation
- counteract RAAS and SNS effects
- reduce afterload and BP
what is BNP? B-type natriuretic peptide
- released from the ventricles in response to
increased blood volume and cardiac wall stretching
- promote diuresis and vasodilation
- counteract RAAS and SNS effects
- reduce afterload and BP
clinical manifestations of early acute raised venous pressure, dyspnea, and tachypnea
decompensated heart failure
clinical manifestations of late acute pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and acidosis
decompensated heart failure
s/s of pulmonary edema late ADHF
- anxious, pale
- dyspnea and orthopnea
- tachypnea with accessory muscles
- frothy, blood-tinged sputum
- lung crackles
- S3 or S4 heart sounds
what does wet or dry mean in ADHF? congestion or fluid overload
, what does warm or cold mean in adequate or reduced tissue perfusion
ADHF?
dry-warm ADHF adequate perfusion, no fluid overload
- most stable
dry-cold ADHF low perfusion, no fluid overload
- low cardiac output and hypoperfusion
wet-warm ADHF fluid overload with perfusion
- dyspnea, crackles
wet-cold ADHF volume overload and hypoperfusion
- most concerning
