ILLINOIS PESTICIDE APPLICATOR TEST
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE WITH
SOLUTIONS
◉ Activatior adjuvants.
Answer: Water spreader (surfactants), Sticker (oils, laytex),
humectant,penetrator
◉ utility adjuvants.
Answer: defoamer, water conditioner (acids)
◉ Drift reduction additives.
Answer: thickening agents increase droplet size
Droplets must be over 200 microns
◉ Sticker.
Answer: increase adherence of chemical to surface
◉ Surfactant, Spreaders.
Answer: Spread spray mix more thoroughly
Decreases surface tension of water
,◉ Penetrants.
Answer: helps pass through outer surface of plants - through waxy
coating on leaves (cuticle)
◉ Defoaming agents.
Answer: eliminate foam from spray tanks (especially during
agitation)
◉ Mixing of pesticides.
Answer: ensure that pesticides retain properties when you mix
Do not change toxicity or physical properties when combined
Illegal to mix pesticides with products prohibited on label
◉ Chemical incompatibility.
Answer: antagonism: decrease effectiveness
Synergism: increase effectiveness (can be bad)
*cannot tell if chemically incompatible by mixing alone
◉ physical incompatibility.
Answer: pesticides don't mix properly
Curdling, gel formation, sludge
,Perform jar compatibility test
◉ Proper mixing order.
Answer: 1) fill tank 1/4-1/2 full of carrier and agitate
2) add compatibility agent
3) add suspension products. Dry first (WP, DF), then liquids (F,L)
4) add emulsion products (EC)
5) add solution products
6) add surfactants/penetrants
7) finish filling tank
◉ Residual or persistent pesticides.
Answer: Remain active for days, weeks, years
Pre- emergence or early pre-plant
Residue may be harmful to non-targets
◉ PHI.
Answer: Preharvest interval - latest time to spray prior to harvest
◉ Tolerance.
Answer: amount of chemical residue that can legally remain on food
or feed
, ◉ Selective pesticides.
Answer: control pest with little injury to related organisms
◉ Non selective (broad spectrum).
Answer: control nearly all related organisms. May result in pest
resurgence by killing beneficials
◉ Nonselective pesticide resistance.
Answer: Over use of broad spectrum pesticides
Insects - may kill natural preditors of pest -> resurgence
Plants - over time only plants that are resistant survive and produce
seed
◉ systemic (translocated) pesticide.
Answer: move in plant / animal from uptake site to other parts
Effective in plants with underground structures
◉ Contact pesticide.
Answer: control by direct contact with pest
kill annuals if all growing parts are above ground
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE WITH
SOLUTIONS
◉ Activatior adjuvants.
Answer: Water spreader (surfactants), Sticker (oils, laytex),
humectant,penetrator
◉ utility adjuvants.
Answer: defoamer, water conditioner (acids)
◉ Drift reduction additives.
Answer: thickening agents increase droplet size
Droplets must be over 200 microns
◉ Sticker.
Answer: increase adherence of chemical to surface
◉ Surfactant, Spreaders.
Answer: Spread spray mix more thoroughly
Decreases surface tension of water
,◉ Penetrants.
Answer: helps pass through outer surface of plants - through waxy
coating on leaves (cuticle)
◉ Defoaming agents.
Answer: eliminate foam from spray tanks (especially during
agitation)
◉ Mixing of pesticides.
Answer: ensure that pesticides retain properties when you mix
Do not change toxicity or physical properties when combined
Illegal to mix pesticides with products prohibited on label
◉ Chemical incompatibility.
Answer: antagonism: decrease effectiveness
Synergism: increase effectiveness (can be bad)
*cannot tell if chemically incompatible by mixing alone
◉ physical incompatibility.
Answer: pesticides don't mix properly
Curdling, gel formation, sludge
,Perform jar compatibility test
◉ Proper mixing order.
Answer: 1) fill tank 1/4-1/2 full of carrier and agitate
2) add compatibility agent
3) add suspension products. Dry first (WP, DF), then liquids (F,L)
4) add emulsion products (EC)
5) add solution products
6) add surfactants/penetrants
7) finish filling tank
◉ Residual or persistent pesticides.
Answer: Remain active for days, weeks, years
Pre- emergence or early pre-plant
Residue may be harmful to non-targets
◉ PHI.
Answer: Preharvest interval - latest time to spray prior to harvest
◉ Tolerance.
Answer: amount of chemical residue that can legally remain on food
or feed
, ◉ Selective pesticides.
Answer: control pest with little injury to related organisms
◉ Non selective (broad spectrum).
Answer: control nearly all related organisms. May result in pest
resurgence by killing beneficials
◉ Nonselective pesticide resistance.
Answer: Over use of broad spectrum pesticides
Insects - may kill natural preditors of pest -> resurgence
Plants - over time only plants that are resistant survive and produce
seed
◉ systemic (translocated) pesticide.
Answer: move in plant / animal from uptake site to other parts
Effective in plants with underground structures
◉ Contact pesticide.
Answer: control by direct contact with pest
kill annuals if all growing parts are above ground
