HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
EXAMS SET FULL SOLUTION QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● The nurse is educating an older adult patient who is taking anti-
hypertensives with diuretics. Which information regarding safety
precaution is most important for the nurse to include?
A. Consider purchasing a home blood pressure monitor
B. Limit sodium intake in the diet
C. Sit on the side of the bed before standing
D. Keep an updated list of all medications
Answer: Sit on the side of the bed before standing
*Age-related changes (reduced baroreceptor sensitivity) and risk for
fluid shifts related to diuretics predispose the older adult patient to
orthostatic hypotension. In order to prevent falls, the patient should
change positions slowly and cautiously, like taking time to sit on the
edge of the bed before standing. While purchasing a home blood
pressure monitor, limiting sodium in the diet, and keeping an updated
list of medication may assist with management of hypertension, fall
prevention and safety are most important for the older adult patient
,●● The home health nurse is caring for a patient with a blood pressure
reading of 200/160. The patient denies any discomfort. The nurse should
immediately contact the health care provider to report that the patient is
experiencing which problem?
A. Primary hypertension
B. Hypertensive crisis
C. Essential hypertension
D. Secondary hypertension
Answer: Hypertensive crisis
*This diastolic pressure rising to readings between 140 and 170 and the
patient being asymptomatic indicates hypertensive crisis
●● The nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for a
loop diuretic. Which nutritional intervention is most important for the
nurse to add to the care plan?
A. Increase intake of leafy green vegetables
B. Increase intake of bananas and potatoes
C. Avoid foods like canned soups and hot dogs
D. Limit caffeine intake
Answer: Increase intake of bananas and potatoes
,*Loop diuretics are potent, potassium-wasting diuretics. After talking
with the health care provider, the patient should recommend that the
patient increase intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas and potatoes
to offset potassium depletion from the diuretic.
●● The patient has been prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which food
choice indicates that the patient requires additional teaching?
A. Fresh spinach
B. Pickles
C. Whole-grain pasta
D. Grapefruit
Answer: Pickles
*High-sodium foods include pickled vegetables, canned soups, and
processed meats. Fresh spinach, whole-grain pasta, and grapefruit are
appropriate low-sodium choices
●● Which medication is the most common and effective anti-platelet
aggregation agent?
A. Warfarin
B. Aspirin
C. Alteplase (Activase)
, D. Tenecteplase (TNKase)
Answer: Aspirin
*Aspirin is the most common and effective anti-platelet agent
●● The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of peripheral arterial
disease. The patient complains of significant claudication, and findings
of ankle-brachial index are abnormal. The nurse anticipates that this
patient will most likely require which type of procedure?
A. Left heart catherization
B. Stress echocardiogram
C. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)
D. Nuclear medicine stress test
Answer: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)
*PTA may be done to open an artery to reduce claudication symptoms
and improve extremity perfusion
●● The nurse is teaching a pregnant patient who works as a cashier in a
grocery store about varicose vein prevention. Which instruction is most
important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan?
A. Add vitamin C to diet
EXAMS SET FULL SOLUTION QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● The nurse is educating an older adult patient who is taking anti-
hypertensives with diuretics. Which information regarding safety
precaution is most important for the nurse to include?
A. Consider purchasing a home blood pressure monitor
B. Limit sodium intake in the diet
C. Sit on the side of the bed before standing
D. Keep an updated list of all medications
Answer: Sit on the side of the bed before standing
*Age-related changes (reduced baroreceptor sensitivity) and risk for
fluid shifts related to diuretics predispose the older adult patient to
orthostatic hypotension. In order to prevent falls, the patient should
change positions slowly and cautiously, like taking time to sit on the
edge of the bed before standing. While purchasing a home blood
pressure monitor, limiting sodium in the diet, and keeping an updated
list of medication may assist with management of hypertension, fall
prevention and safety are most important for the older adult patient
,●● The home health nurse is caring for a patient with a blood pressure
reading of 200/160. The patient denies any discomfort. The nurse should
immediately contact the health care provider to report that the patient is
experiencing which problem?
A. Primary hypertension
B. Hypertensive crisis
C. Essential hypertension
D. Secondary hypertension
Answer: Hypertensive crisis
*This diastolic pressure rising to readings between 140 and 170 and the
patient being asymptomatic indicates hypertensive crisis
●● The nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for a
loop diuretic. Which nutritional intervention is most important for the
nurse to add to the care plan?
A. Increase intake of leafy green vegetables
B. Increase intake of bananas and potatoes
C. Avoid foods like canned soups and hot dogs
D. Limit caffeine intake
Answer: Increase intake of bananas and potatoes
,*Loop diuretics are potent, potassium-wasting diuretics. After talking
with the health care provider, the patient should recommend that the
patient increase intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas and potatoes
to offset potassium depletion from the diuretic.
●● The patient has been prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which food
choice indicates that the patient requires additional teaching?
A. Fresh spinach
B. Pickles
C. Whole-grain pasta
D. Grapefruit
Answer: Pickles
*High-sodium foods include pickled vegetables, canned soups, and
processed meats. Fresh spinach, whole-grain pasta, and grapefruit are
appropriate low-sodium choices
●● Which medication is the most common and effective anti-platelet
aggregation agent?
A. Warfarin
B. Aspirin
C. Alteplase (Activase)
, D. Tenecteplase (TNKase)
Answer: Aspirin
*Aspirin is the most common and effective anti-platelet agent
●● The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of peripheral arterial
disease. The patient complains of significant claudication, and findings
of ankle-brachial index are abnormal. The nurse anticipates that this
patient will most likely require which type of procedure?
A. Left heart catherization
B. Stress echocardiogram
C. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)
D. Nuclear medicine stress test
Answer: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)
*PTA may be done to open an artery to reduce claudication symptoms
and improve extremity perfusion
●● The nurse is teaching a pregnant patient who works as a cashier in a
grocery store about varicose vein prevention. Which instruction is most
important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan?
A. Add vitamin C to diet
