HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW WITH FULL
SOLUTIONS
●● prevalence of hypertension
Answer: 46% of US adults
●● normal blood pressure
Answer: less than 120/80
●● elevated blood pressure
Answer: 120-129/less than 80 mmHg
●● hypertension stage 1
Answer: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
●● hypertension stage 2
Answer: 140 or higher/90 or higher mmHg
●● systolic rpessure
Answer: ventricles contract and pump blood into arterial circulation
,●● diastolic pressure
Answer: heart is filling
●● total peripheral resistance
Answer: the resistance of the entire cardiovascular system
●● three factors responsible for blood pressure
Answer: cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume
●● cardiac output
Answer: volume of blood pumped per minute
heart rate x stroke volume
●● blood volume
Answer: Total amount of blood in the circulatory system
●● heart rate
Answer: number of times the heart beats per minute
●● stroke volume
,Answer: the quanitty of blood pumped out of each ventricle with every
heartbeat
●● noradrenaline
Answer: rise in pulse and cardiac output
●● Cushing's syndrome
Answer: a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of
cortisol
●● hyperthyroidism
Answer: overactivity of the thyroid gland
●● chronic renal disease
Answer: a long-term condition characterized by the kidneys' irreversible
damage and gradual loss of function
●● primary hypertension
Answer: no identifiable cause
●● secondary hypertension
Answer: identifiable cause
, ●● target organs affected by untreated hypertension
Answer: heart
brain
kidneys
retina
blood vessels
●● nonpharmacologic methods to control hypertension
Answer: limit/stop alcohol intake
restrict sodium consumption
reduce saturated fat and cholesterol; increase fresh fruit and veggie
intake
increase aerobic physical activity
discontinue tobacco use
reduce stress
maintain optimum weight
●● Diuretics
Answer: increase urinary excretion of water and electrolytes, thereby
reducing blood volume
used for mild to moderate HTN
COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW WITH FULL
SOLUTIONS
●● prevalence of hypertension
Answer: 46% of US adults
●● normal blood pressure
Answer: less than 120/80
●● elevated blood pressure
Answer: 120-129/less than 80 mmHg
●● hypertension stage 1
Answer: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
●● hypertension stage 2
Answer: 140 or higher/90 or higher mmHg
●● systolic rpessure
Answer: ventricles contract and pump blood into arterial circulation
,●● diastolic pressure
Answer: heart is filling
●● total peripheral resistance
Answer: the resistance of the entire cardiovascular system
●● three factors responsible for blood pressure
Answer: cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume
●● cardiac output
Answer: volume of blood pumped per minute
heart rate x stroke volume
●● blood volume
Answer: Total amount of blood in the circulatory system
●● heart rate
Answer: number of times the heart beats per minute
●● stroke volume
,Answer: the quanitty of blood pumped out of each ventricle with every
heartbeat
●● noradrenaline
Answer: rise in pulse and cardiac output
●● Cushing's syndrome
Answer: a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of
cortisol
●● hyperthyroidism
Answer: overactivity of the thyroid gland
●● chronic renal disease
Answer: a long-term condition characterized by the kidneys' irreversible
damage and gradual loss of function
●● primary hypertension
Answer: no identifiable cause
●● secondary hypertension
Answer: identifiable cause
, ●● target organs affected by untreated hypertension
Answer: heart
brain
kidneys
retina
blood vessels
●● nonpharmacologic methods to control hypertension
Answer: limit/stop alcohol intake
restrict sodium consumption
reduce saturated fat and cholesterol; increase fresh fruit and veggie
intake
increase aerobic physical activity
discontinue tobacco use
reduce stress
maintain optimum weight
●● Diuretics
Answer: increase urinary excretion of water and electrolytes, thereby
reducing blood volume
used for mild to moderate HTN
