HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES 17
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What are the normal blood glucose levels?
Answer: 3.3 - 5.9 mmol/ℓ
◉ What are the two main types of Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Type I and Type II
◉ What causes Type I Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells,
often triggered by environmental events like viral infections.
◉ What is idiopathic diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Type I diabetes with no known etiology.
◉ What are common symptoms of Type I Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unexplained weight loss,
tiredness, younger age, slim build, and lack of family history.
◉ What laboratory tests can diagnose Type I Diabetes?
, Answer: Presence of ketones in urine and positive tests for
antibodies against pancreatic enzymes.
◉ What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Answer: A complication of diabetes resulting from an acute lack of
insulin, leading to high glucose levels and ketone accumulation.
◉ What are the signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Answer: Presence of ketones in urine, abdominal pain, warm dry
skin, fruity breath, nausea, vomiting, labored breathing, drowsiness,
and loss of consciousness.
◉ What is the treatment for Type I Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Subcutaneous insulin administration for life, dietary
control, and pancreas or kidney transplants as a last resort.
◉ What is the main metabolic abnormality in Type II Diabetes
Mellitus?
Answer: Insulin resistance (IR), often caused by excessive sugar
intake and obesity.
◉ What are the stages in the development of Type II Diabetes
Mellitus?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What are the normal blood glucose levels?
Answer: 3.3 - 5.9 mmol/ℓ
◉ What are the two main types of Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Type I and Type II
◉ What causes Type I Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells,
often triggered by environmental events like viral infections.
◉ What is idiopathic diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Type I diabetes with no known etiology.
◉ What are common symptoms of Type I Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unexplained weight loss,
tiredness, younger age, slim build, and lack of family history.
◉ What laboratory tests can diagnose Type I Diabetes?
, Answer: Presence of ketones in urine and positive tests for
antibodies against pancreatic enzymes.
◉ What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Answer: A complication of diabetes resulting from an acute lack of
insulin, leading to high glucose levels and ketone accumulation.
◉ What are the signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Answer: Presence of ketones in urine, abdominal pain, warm dry
skin, fruity breath, nausea, vomiting, labored breathing, drowsiness,
and loss of consciousness.
◉ What is the treatment for Type I Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Subcutaneous insulin administration for life, dietary
control, and pancreas or kidney transplants as a last resort.
◉ What is the main metabolic abnormality in Type II Diabetes
Mellitus?
Answer: Insulin resistance (IR), often caused by excessive sugar
intake and obesity.
◉ What are the stages in the development of Type II Diabetes
Mellitus?
