TEST BANK for Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective 10th
Edition by Denise Anderson, Sarah Salm, Mira Beins and Eugene
Nester. All Chapters 1-30
Chapter 1 — Humans and the Microbial World
1.
Which statement best describes microbiology?
A. The study of only disease-causing bacteria
B. The study of organisms visible to the unaided eye
C. The study of microorganisms and their activities
D. The study of human anatomy
Microbiology encompasses microorganisms and their biological
activities, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
,2.
Which scientist is most closely associated with disproving
spontaneous generation using swan-neck flasks?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C. Joseph Lister
D. Louis Pasteur
Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiments demonstrated that
microorganisms came from existing microorganisms rather than
spontaneously arising.
3.
Which domain contains organisms with cells lacking a membrane-
bound nucleus?
A. Eukarya only
B. Bacteria and Archaea
C. Eukarya and Bacteria
D. Archaea and Eukarya
Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes, meaning their DNA is not
enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.
4.
Which structure is characteristic of eukaryotic cells but absent from
typical bacterial cells?
A. Ribosomes
B. Plasma membrane
C. DNA
D. Membrane-bound nucleus
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a
nucleus; bacterial cells do not.
,5.
Which term describes a microorganism that normally lives on or in a
host without causing disease?
A. Pathogen
B. Parasite
C. Normal microbiota
D. Vector
Normal microbiota are microorganisms associated with a host under
normal conditions and may provide beneficial functions.
6.
Which discovery was especially important to the development of
germ theory?
A. Discovery of mitochondria
B. Discovery of antibiotics
C. Evidence that microorganisms can cause disease
D. Discovery of DNA structure
Germ theory established that specific microorganisms can be
responsible for specific infectious diseases.
7.
Which is an example of a beneficial microbial activity?
A. Production of bacterial toxins
B. Tissue invasion
C. Decomposition of organic matter
D. Destruction of host cells
Microorganisms contribute to nutrient recycling by decomposing
organic material.
8.
Why are microorganisms important to humans?
, A. They are exclusively harmful.
B. They exist only in contaminated environments.
C. They can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful depending on the
microorganism and circumstances.
D. They are all pathogenic.
Microorganisms participate in human health, environmental
processes, biotechnology, and disease.
Chapter 2 — The Molecules of Life
9.
Which element is the backbone of most biological molecules?
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Carbon
D. Iron
Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing it to create diverse
biological molecules.
10.
Which macromolecule is primarily composed of amino acids?
A. Lipid
B. Carbohydrate
C. Nucleic acid
D. Protein
Proteins are polymers composed of amino acid subunits.
11.
Which molecule is the primary energy currency of cells?
Edition by Denise Anderson, Sarah Salm, Mira Beins and Eugene
Nester. All Chapters 1-30
Chapter 1 — Humans and the Microbial World
1.
Which statement best describes microbiology?
A. The study of only disease-causing bacteria
B. The study of organisms visible to the unaided eye
C. The study of microorganisms and their activities
D. The study of human anatomy
Microbiology encompasses microorganisms and their biological
activities, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
,2.
Which scientist is most closely associated with disproving
spontaneous generation using swan-neck flasks?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C. Joseph Lister
D. Louis Pasteur
Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiments demonstrated that
microorganisms came from existing microorganisms rather than
spontaneously arising.
3.
Which domain contains organisms with cells lacking a membrane-
bound nucleus?
A. Eukarya only
B. Bacteria and Archaea
C. Eukarya and Bacteria
D. Archaea and Eukarya
Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes, meaning their DNA is not
enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.
4.
Which structure is characteristic of eukaryotic cells but absent from
typical bacterial cells?
A. Ribosomes
B. Plasma membrane
C. DNA
D. Membrane-bound nucleus
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a
nucleus; bacterial cells do not.
,5.
Which term describes a microorganism that normally lives on or in a
host without causing disease?
A. Pathogen
B. Parasite
C. Normal microbiota
D. Vector
Normal microbiota are microorganisms associated with a host under
normal conditions and may provide beneficial functions.
6.
Which discovery was especially important to the development of
germ theory?
A. Discovery of mitochondria
B. Discovery of antibiotics
C. Evidence that microorganisms can cause disease
D. Discovery of DNA structure
Germ theory established that specific microorganisms can be
responsible for specific infectious diseases.
7.
Which is an example of a beneficial microbial activity?
A. Production of bacterial toxins
B. Tissue invasion
C. Decomposition of organic matter
D. Destruction of host cells
Microorganisms contribute to nutrient recycling by decomposing
organic material.
8.
Why are microorganisms important to humans?
, A. They are exclusively harmful.
B. They exist only in contaminated environments.
C. They can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful depending on the
microorganism and circumstances.
D. They are all pathogenic.
Microorganisms participate in human health, environmental
processes, biotechnology, and disease.
Chapter 2 — The Molecules of Life
9.
Which element is the backbone of most biological molecules?
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Carbon
D. Iron
Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing it to create diverse
biological molecules.
10.
Which macromolecule is primarily composed of amino acids?
A. Lipid
B. Carbohydrate
C. Nucleic acid
D. Protein
Proteins are polymers composed of amino acid subunits.
11.
Which molecule is the primary energy currency of cells?
