NURS 8022 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 1 | Latest Updated Practice
Questions & Rationales
Negative Feedback - correct answer-Promotes stability; cancels out the original
response. Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas
Positive Feedback - correct answer-Promotes a change in one direction;
instability, DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade
Proteins - correct answer-Provide selectivity to a membrane
Integral proteins - correct answer-channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors,
second messengers
Peripheral proteins - correct answer-Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediatiors
ATP - correct answer-Converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds
between 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups have abundant energy
,Simple/passive diffusion - correct answer-Occurs down a concentration gradient;
from HIGH to LOW concentration
Simple/passive diffusion - correct answer-Diffuse from high to lower pressure;
diffusion will not occur if the membrane is non permeable to the molecule
Factors that affect the net rate of diffusion - correct answer-1. Concentration
difference (high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane
matters TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy)
Osmosis - correct answer-Passive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an
area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration (high FLUID to low
FLUID)
Primary Active Transport - correct answer-Molecules are "pumped" against
("uphill") a concentration; DIRECT USE OF ENERGY
Secondary Active Transport - correct answer-Trasport is driven by the energy
STORED in the concentration gradient of another molecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE
OF ENERGY
Na+- K+ ATPase - correct answer-Carrier protein located on the plasma
membrane of alll cells; enzyme that converts ATP to ADP to release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy
, Ca2+ ATPase - correct answer-Maintains a low cystosolic Ca2+ concentration
H+ ATPase - correct answer-- Found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl
secretion) and intercalated cells of renal tubules (controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold
Remember: Sodium Potassium Pump - correct answer-sodium is pumped out of
the cell; potassium is pumped in...
Secondary Active Transport; Co-transport - correct answer-Co-transport:
Substance is transported in the same direction as the "driver" ion (Na+)
Counter transport - correct answer-Substance is transported in the opposite
direction as the driver ion Na+
How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractility? - correct answer-
Increase intracellular Ca2+
ungated Ion Channels - correct answer-determined by size, shape, distribution of
charge
Gated Ion Channels - correct answer--volgate (e.g.) Voltage dependent Na+
channels)
-Chemically (e.g. Nicotinic AcH receptor channels)
Exam 1 | Latest Updated Practice
Questions & Rationales
Negative Feedback - correct answer-Promotes stability; cancels out the original
response. Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas
Positive Feedback - correct answer-Promotes a change in one direction;
instability, DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade
Proteins - correct answer-Provide selectivity to a membrane
Integral proteins - correct answer-channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors,
second messengers
Peripheral proteins - correct answer-Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediatiors
ATP - correct answer-Converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds
between 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups have abundant energy
,Simple/passive diffusion - correct answer-Occurs down a concentration gradient;
from HIGH to LOW concentration
Simple/passive diffusion - correct answer-Diffuse from high to lower pressure;
diffusion will not occur if the membrane is non permeable to the molecule
Factors that affect the net rate of diffusion - correct answer-1. Concentration
difference (high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane
matters TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy)
Osmosis - correct answer-Passive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an
area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration (high FLUID to low
FLUID)
Primary Active Transport - correct answer-Molecules are "pumped" against
("uphill") a concentration; DIRECT USE OF ENERGY
Secondary Active Transport - correct answer-Trasport is driven by the energy
STORED in the concentration gradient of another molecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE
OF ENERGY
Na+- K+ ATPase - correct answer-Carrier protein located on the plasma
membrane of alll cells; enzyme that converts ATP to ADP to release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy
, Ca2+ ATPase - correct answer-Maintains a low cystosolic Ca2+ concentration
H+ ATPase - correct answer-- Found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl
secretion) and intercalated cells of renal tubules (controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold
Remember: Sodium Potassium Pump - correct answer-sodium is pumped out of
the cell; potassium is pumped in...
Secondary Active Transport; Co-transport - correct answer-Co-transport:
Substance is transported in the same direction as the "driver" ion (Na+)
Counter transport - correct answer-Substance is transported in the opposite
direction as the driver ion Na+
How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractility? - correct answer-
Increase intracellular Ca2+
ungated Ion Channels - correct answer-determined by size, shape, distribution of
charge
Gated Ion Channels - correct answer--volgate (e.g.) Voltage dependent Na+
channels)
-Chemically (e.g. Nicotinic AcH receptor channels)
