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, statistics the science of collecting, describing, and analyzing data
cases or units subjects or objects that we obtain information about
variable any characteristic that is recorded for each case
dataset a collection of variables
cases stored in rows
variables stored in columns
categorical variable divides cases into groups with no logical ordering
ordinal variable divides cases into with a logical ordering
quantitative variable measures or records a numerical quantity for each case
population includes all individuals or objects of interest
sample a subset of the population
statistical interference the process of using data from a sample to gain information about the population