Exams 1–4) For NU 150 Pharmacology Complete
Exam Bundle | Galen College (PDF)
1. A thiazide diuretic acts on which part of the nephron?
a) Loop of Henle
b) Distal convoluted tubule
c) Proximal tubule
d) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: b) Distal convoluted tubule
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics specifically inhibit the
sodium-chloride cotransporter in the distal convoluted
tubule. This distinguishes them from loop diuretics, which
act on the ascending loop of Henle .
2. A patient taking furosemide (Lasix) should be
monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hypocalcemia
1
,Correct Answer: b) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that blocks
sodium and potassium reabsorption in the loop of Henle,
leading to excessive potassium loss in the urine
(potassium-wasting) .
3. Which medication is considered a potassium-sparing
diuretic?
a) Hydrochlorothiazide
b) Furosemide
c) Spironolactone
d) Mannitol
Correct Answer: c) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist
that works in the collecting duct to promote sodium and
water excretion while retaining potassium, hence
"potassium-sparing" .
4. A nurse administers spironolactone. Which adverse
effect is specific to this medication?
2
,a) Ototoxicity
b) Gynecomastia
c) Photosensitivity
d) Dry cough
Correct Answer: b) Gynecomastia
Rationale: Spironolactone has anti-androgen effects,
which can lead to gynecomastia (breast enlargement in
men), impotence, and menstrual irregularities. This is not
typical of other diuretics .
5. A patient with a sulfa allergy should avoid which
diuretic?
a) Spironolactone
b) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
c) Mannitol
d) Eplerenone
Correct Answer: b) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics (like HCTZ) and loop
diuretics (like furosemide) are chemically related to
3
, sulfonamides and are contraindicated in patients with a j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 true sulfa allergy due to the risk of cross-sensitivity .
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6. A patient is prescribed HCTZ for hypertension. What
j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 dietary teaching is most important?
j6 j6 j6 j6
a) Increase potassium-rich foods j6 j6
b) Restrict fluid intake to 1 L/day j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
c) Increase sodium intake j6 j6
d) Avoid grapefruit juice j6 j6
Correct Answer: a) Increase potassium-rich foods
j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 Rationale: Thiazide diuretics cause hypokalemia
j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 (potassium wasting). Teaching the patient to eat j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 potassium-rich foods like bananas, spinach, and potatoes j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j 6 helps prevent this imbalance .
j6 j6 j6 j6
7. Which finding indicates a patient is experiencing an
j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 adverse effect of furosemide?
j6 j6 j6
a) Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) j6 j6 j6 j6
b) Hyperreflexia
4
Exam Bundle | Galen College (PDF)
1. A thiazide diuretic acts on which part of the nephron?
a) Loop of Henle
b) Distal convoluted tubule
c) Proximal tubule
d) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: b) Distal convoluted tubule
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics specifically inhibit the
sodium-chloride cotransporter in the distal convoluted
tubule. This distinguishes them from loop diuretics, which
act on the ascending loop of Henle .
2. A patient taking furosemide (Lasix) should be
monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hypocalcemia
1
,Correct Answer: b) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that blocks
sodium and potassium reabsorption in the loop of Henle,
leading to excessive potassium loss in the urine
(potassium-wasting) .
3. Which medication is considered a potassium-sparing
diuretic?
a) Hydrochlorothiazide
b) Furosemide
c) Spironolactone
d) Mannitol
Correct Answer: c) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist
that works in the collecting duct to promote sodium and
water excretion while retaining potassium, hence
"potassium-sparing" .
4. A nurse administers spironolactone. Which adverse
effect is specific to this medication?
2
,a) Ototoxicity
b) Gynecomastia
c) Photosensitivity
d) Dry cough
Correct Answer: b) Gynecomastia
Rationale: Spironolactone has anti-androgen effects,
which can lead to gynecomastia (breast enlargement in
men), impotence, and menstrual irregularities. This is not
typical of other diuretics .
5. A patient with a sulfa allergy should avoid which
diuretic?
a) Spironolactone
b) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
c) Mannitol
d) Eplerenone
Correct Answer: b) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics (like HCTZ) and loop
diuretics (like furosemide) are chemically related to
3
, sulfonamides and are contraindicated in patients with a j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 true sulfa allergy due to the risk of cross-sensitivity .
j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
6. A patient is prescribed HCTZ for hypertension. What
j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 dietary teaching is most important?
j6 j6 j6 j6
a) Increase potassium-rich foods j6 j6
b) Restrict fluid intake to 1 L/day j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
c) Increase sodium intake j6 j6
d) Avoid grapefruit juice j6 j6
Correct Answer: a) Increase potassium-rich foods
j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 Rationale: Thiazide diuretics cause hypokalemia
j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 (potassium wasting). Teaching the patient to eat j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 potassium-rich foods like bananas, spinach, and potatoes j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j 6 helps prevent this imbalance .
j6 j6 j6 j6
7. Which finding indicates a patient is experiencing an
j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 j6
j6 adverse effect of furosemide?
j6 j6 j6
a) Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) j6 j6 j6 j6
b) Hyperreflexia
4
