NR 304 Test 2 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
nervous system
the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
Divided into two parts Central nervous system (CNS), and Peripheral nervous system (PNS),
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Includes all nerve fibers outside brain and spinal cord
Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and all their branches
Carries sensory (afferent) messages to CNS from sensory receptors
Motor (efferent) messages from CNS to muscles and glands, as well as autonomic messages
that govern internal organs and blood vessels
cerebral cortex
outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain
Frontal lobe
concerned with personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual function.
Broca's area
It is in frontal lobe meditate speech production
parietal lobe
portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives
sensory input for touch and body position. primary center for sensation
Occipital lobe
,A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. primary visual receptor
center
Temporal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language. behind ear, has primary
auditory reception center, taste, and smell
Wernicke's area
usually in the left temporal lobe. controls language reception - a brain area involved in
language comprehension and expression;
Damage to Cerebral Cortex
Damage to specific cortical areas produces a corresponding loss of function:
Motor weakness
Paralysis
Loss of sensation
Impaired ability to understand and process language
Damage occurs when highly specialized neurologic cells are deprived of blood supply, such
as when a cerebral artery becomes occluded.
Aging adult considerations neurological system
Atrophy with steady loss of neuron structure in brain and spinal cord
Velocity of nerve conduction decreases making reaction time slower in some older persons.
Increased delay at synapse results in diminished sensation of touch, pain, taste, and smell.
Motor system may show general slowing down of movement, muscle strength, and agility
decrease.
, Progressive decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption may cause dizziness
and loss of balance.
Culture and Genetics: neurological system
Racial/ethnic disparity noted relative to strokes
5th most common cause of death in the United States
Screening for hyperlipidemia and HTN with statin treatment
Geographic disparity noted relative to strokes
Existence of "Stroke Belt" —8 states with increased stroke mortality
Nationwide burden of stroke
Higher for African Americans and Hispanic populations
Global concern
Research evidence indicates that 90% of stroke burden due to modifiable factors.
Cranial nerve I
olfactory nerve (not tested routinely)
Test sense of smell in those who report loss of smell, head trauma, and abnormal mental
status, and when presence of intracranial lesion suspected.
Cranial nerve II
optic nerve
Test visual acuity and visual fields by confrontation.
Using ophthalmoscope, examine ocular fundus to determine color, size, and shape of optic
disc.
Answers
nervous system
the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
Divided into two parts Central nervous system (CNS), and Peripheral nervous system (PNS),
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Includes all nerve fibers outside brain and spinal cord
Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and all their branches
Carries sensory (afferent) messages to CNS from sensory receptors
Motor (efferent) messages from CNS to muscles and glands, as well as autonomic messages
that govern internal organs and blood vessels
cerebral cortex
outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain
Frontal lobe
concerned with personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual function.
Broca's area
It is in frontal lobe meditate speech production
parietal lobe
portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives
sensory input for touch and body position. primary center for sensation
Occipital lobe
,A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. primary visual receptor
center
Temporal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language. behind ear, has primary
auditory reception center, taste, and smell
Wernicke's area
usually in the left temporal lobe. controls language reception - a brain area involved in
language comprehension and expression;
Damage to Cerebral Cortex
Damage to specific cortical areas produces a corresponding loss of function:
Motor weakness
Paralysis
Loss of sensation
Impaired ability to understand and process language
Damage occurs when highly specialized neurologic cells are deprived of blood supply, such
as when a cerebral artery becomes occluded.
Aging adult considerations neurological system
Atrophy with steady loss of neuron structure in brain and spinal cord
Velocity of nerve conduction decreases making reaction time slower in some older persons.
Increased delay at synapse results in diminished sensation of touch, pain, taste, and smell.
Motor system may show general slowing down of movement, muscle strength, and agility
decrease.
, Progressive decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption may cause dizziness
and loss of balance.
Culture and Genetics: neurological system
Racial/ethnic disparity noted relative to strokes
5th most common cause of death in the United States
Screening for hyperlipidemia and HTN with statin treatment
Geographic disparity noted relative to strokes
Existence of "Stroke Belt" —8 states with increased stroke mortality
Nationwide burden of stroke
Higher for African Americans and Hispanic populations
Global concern
Research evidence indicates that 90% of stroke burden due to modifiable factors.
Cranial nerve I
olfactory nerve (not tested routinely)
Test sense of smell in those who report loss of smell, head trauma, and abnormal mental
status, and when presence of intracranial lesion suspected.
Cranial nerve II
optic nerve
Test visual acuity and visual fields by confrontation.
Using ophthalmoscope, examine ocular fundus to determine color, size, and shape of optic
disc.
