NR 228- Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
Vitamins-
-organic molecules needed in very small amounts for cellular metabolism
--Perform specific metabolic functions
-Essential nutrients to be provided by diet
--Vitamin D synthesized by body but still considered vitamin
vitamin solubility-
Affected by absorption, transportation, and storage in body
water soluble-
B-complex vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, biotin, and
pantothenic acid), choline, and vitamin C
Minimal storage by body
Deficiencies quick to develop
Usually low risk of toxicity
fat- soluble
vitamins A, D, E, and K
Excess stored in body
Deficiencies slower to develop
Greater risk of toxicity
food sources of vitamins-
,Vitamins are present in almost all foods.
Synthetic vitamins (supplements) perform same vitamin function.
Vitamins are best consumed from food sources.
Synthetic vitamins may lack other benefits found in foods.
Phytochemicals are nonnutritive substances in plant-based foods that appear to have disease-
fighting properties.
Water-Soluble Vitamins: Thiamin (VitaminB1)
Function: coenzyme in energy metabolism
Role in nerve functioning related to muscle actions
Recommended intake and sources
RDA: 1.2 mg for men; 1.1 mg for women
Sources: lean pork, whole or enriched grains
and flours, legumes, seeds, nuts
Thiamin (VitaminB1)- deficiency
Deficiency: beriberi
Ataxia (muscle weakness/loss of coordination) and tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
Wet (edema) versus dry beriberi (nervous system)
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: a cerebral form
Marginal: psychologic disturbances, headache, fatigue, irritability
Risk factors: alcoholism, renal dialysis, parenteral nutrition, human immunodeficiency virus /
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), persistent vomiting (as in hyperemesis
gravidarum), anorexia nervosa, gastrectomy
Water-Soluble Vitamins: Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
, Function: coenzyme in energy release
Recommended intake and sources
RDA: 1.3 mg for men; 1.1 mg for women
Need related to total kilocalorie intake, energy needs, body size, metabolic rate, and growth
rate
Sources: milk, enriched grains and cereals, whole grains, vegetables, dairy, meats, fish,
poultry, eggs
Very light-sensitive; loss increases on exposure to artificial and natural light; lost in cooking
water
Deficiency: ariboflavinosis
Cheilosis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis
Water-Soluble Vitamins: Niacin- b3
nicotinic acid and niacinamide
Recommended intake and sources
RDA (measured as niacin equivalents [NE]): 16 mg NE for men; 14 mg NE for women
Amino acid tryptophan precursor of niacin
60 mg of tryptophan converts to 1 mg of niacin
Diets adequate in protein: adequate in niacin
Sources: protein-containing foods (meats, poultry, fish, legumes, enriched cereals, milk,
coffee, tea)
niacin deficiency-
Answers
Vitamins-
-organic molecules needed in very small amounts for cellular metabolism
--Perform specific metabolic functions
-Essential nutrients to be provided by diet
--Vitamin D synthesized by body but still considered vitamin
vitamin solubility-
Affected by absorption, transportation, and storage in body
water soluble-
B-complex vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, biotin, and
pantothenic acid), choline, and vitamin C
Minimal storage by body
Deficiencies quick to develop
Usually low risk of toxicity
fat- soluble
vitamins A, D, E, and K
Excess stored in body
Deficiencies slower to develop
Greater risk of toxicity
food sources of vitamins-
,Vitamins are present in almost all foods.
Synthetic vitamins (supplements) perform same vitamin function.
Vitamins are best consumed from food sources.
Synthetic vitamins may lack other benefits found in foods.
Phytochemicals are nonnutritive substances in plant-based foods that appear to have disease-
fighting properties.
Water-Soluble Vitamins: Thiamin (VitaminB1)
Function: coenzyme in energy metabolism
Role in nerve functioning related to muscle actions
Recommended intake and sources
RDA: 1.2 mg for men; 1.1 mg for women
Sources: lean pork, whole or enriched grains
and flours, legumes, seeds, nuts
Thiamin (VitaminB1)- deficiency
Deficiency: beriberi
Ataxia (muscle weakness/loss of coordination) and tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
Wet (edema) versus dry beriberi (nervous system)
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: a cerebral form
Marginal: psychologic disturbances, headache, fatigue, irritability
Risk factors: alcoholism, renal dialysis, parenteral nutrition, human immunodeficiency virus /
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), persistent vomiting (as in hyperemesis
gravidarum), anorexia nervosa, gastrectomy
Water-Soluble Vitamins: Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
, Function: coenzyme in energy release
Recommended intake and sources
RDA: 1.3 mg for men; 1.1 mg for women
Need related to total kilocalorie intake, energy needs, body size, metabolic rate, and growth
rate
Sources: milk, enriched grains and cereals, whole grains, vegetables, dairy, meats, fish,
poultry, eggs
Very light-sensitive; loss increases on exposure to artificial and natural light; lost in cooking
water
Deficiency: ariboflavinosis
Cheilosis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis
Water-Soluble Vitamins: Niacin- b3
nicotinic acid and niacinamide
Recommended intake and sources
RDA (measured as niacin equivalents [NE]): 16 mg NE for men; 14 mg NE for women
Amino acid tryptophan precursor of niacin
60 mg of tryptophan converts to 1 mg of niacin
Diets adequate in protein: adequate in niacin
Sources: protein-containing foods (meats, poultry, fish, legumes, enriched cereals, milk,
coffee, tea)
niacin deficiency-
