Usahs Clinical Neuroscience Exam Latest Exam | All Questions And Correct
Answers | Graded A+ | Verified Answers | Just Released Version
Apraxia - (CORRECT ANSWER)inability to make a motor plan, as a result of brain damage.
Ataxia - (CORRECT ANSWER)lack of muscle coordination
Aphasia - (CORRECT ANSWER)impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere
damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing
understanding).
1 olfactory - (CORRECT ANSWER)Making client smell something pleasant
front of brain
2 optic - (CORRECT ANSWER)thalamus - test visual acuity (Snellen chart, or # of fingers)
front of brain
3 Oculomotor - (CORRECT ANSWER)thalamus - looking up, in and left to right
midbrain
4 Trochlear - (CORRECT ANSWER)midbrain - cross eyes into nose
5. Trigeminal - (CORRECT ANSWER)pons - - Dull vs light sensation in: Opthalmic (forehead)
Maxillary (Cheek)Mandibular (Jawline)
- Have the patient open and close mouth (feel around temporomandibular joint)
1
,6 Abducens - (CORRECT ANSWER)pons- looking laterally (left and right)
7 Facial - (CORRECT ANSWER)controls most facial expressions
secretion of tears & saliva
taste
pons - Test facial symmetry - Taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue - smile - wrinkle forehead
8 Vestibulocochlear - (CORRECT ANSWER)hearing and equilibrium
pons (acoustic) - Whisper test - Rinne Test - Weber Test
9 Glossopharyngeal - (CORRECT ANSWER)medulla - Gag reflex- Taste on posterior 1/3 of the
tongue - not gagging is a sign of lesion
10 Vagus - (CORRECT ANSWER)medulla - - Say "aah" - Talk to see if uvula deviates to one
side
11 Spinal Accessory - (CORRECT ANSWER)controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid
controls swallowing movements
spinal cord - shoulder shrug against resistance
medulla
2
, 12 Hypoglossal - (CORRECT ANSWER)medulla - stick tongue straight out - will deviate if
there is a lesion
Somatosensory pathways - Posterior column pathways: Proprioception, vibration, fine touch -
(CORRECT ANSWER)Primary afferent sensory information is coming in from the dorsal roots
then travels to the ipsilateral white matter columns and ascends all the way to dorsal column
nuclei in the medulla then it will synapse onto a second sensory neuron that crosses over to the
other side of the medulla and that axon will continue to ascend now on the contralateral synapse
on the thalamus will then project up to the primary somatosensory cortex.
Somatosensory pathways- Anterolateral pathways: Pain and Temperature - (CORRECT
ANSWER)Sensory information comes in through dorsal root ganglia to the spinal cord and
crosses over to the other side of the spinal cord, and go up to the thalamus and then go to the
primary sensory cortex thalamus (relay station).
Main motor pathways - Corticospinal tract - (CORRECT ANSWER)Begins mainly in the
primary motor cortex (4), where neuron cell bodies project via axons down through the cerebral
white matter and brain stem to reach the spinal cord. In the medulla.
The majority of fibers in the tract (85%) cross over to control movement of the opposite side of
the body (Pyramidal decussation) occurs at the junction between the medulla and spinal cord.
Lesions occurring above the pyramidal decussation produce contralateral weakness with respect
to the lesion, while lesions below the pyramidal decussation will produce ipsilateral weakness.
Upper motor neurons: project from the cortex down to the spinal cord and form synapses onto
lower motor neurons
Lower motor neurons: Located in the anterior horns of the central gray matter of the spinal cord
or in the brainstem motor nuclei. The axons project out of the CNS via the anterior spinal roots
or via the cranial nerves to finally reach muscle cells in the periphery.
3
Answers | Graded A+ | Verified Answers | Just Released Version
Apraxia - (CORRECT ANSWER)inability to make a motor plan, as a result of brain damage.
Ataxia - (CORRECT ANSWER)lack of muscle coordination
Aphasia - (CORRECT ANSWER)impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere
damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing
understanding).
1 olfactory - (CORRECT ANSWER)Making client smell something pleasant
front of brain
2 optic - (CORRECT ANSWER)thalamus - test visual acuity (Snellen chart, or # of fingers)
front of brain
3 Oculomotor - (CORRECT ANSWER)thalamus - looking up, in and left to right
midbrain
4 Trochlear - (CORRECT ANSWER)midbrain - cross eyes into nose
5. Trigeminal - (CORRECT ANSWER)pons - - Dull vs light sensation in: Opthalmic (forehead)
Maxillary (Cheek)Mandibular (Jawline)
- Have the patient open and close mouth (feel around temporomandibular joint)
1
,6 Abducens - (CORRECT ANSWER)pons- looking laterally (left and right)
7 Facial - (CORRECT ANSWER)controls most facial expressions
secretion of tears & saliva
taste
pons - Test facial symmetry - Taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue - smile - wrinkle forehead
8 Vestibulocochlear - (CORRECT ANSWER)hearing and equilibrium
pons (acoustic) - Whisper test - Rinne Test - Weber Test
9 Glossopharyngeal - (CORRECT ANSWER)medulla - Gag reflex- Taste on posterior 1/3 of the
tongue - not gagging is a sign of lesion
10 Vagus - (CORRECT ANSWER)medulla - - Say "aah" - Talk to see if uvula deviates to one
side
11 Spinal Accessory - (CORRECT ANSWER)controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid
controls swallowing movements
spinal cord - shoulder shrug against resistance
medulla
2
, 12 Hypoglossal - (CORRECT ANSWER)medulla - stick tongue straight out - will deviate if
there is a lesion
Somatosensory pathways - Posterior column pathways: Proprioception, vibration, fine touch -
(CORRECT ANSWER)Primary afferent sensory information is coming in from the dorsal roots
then travels to the ipsilateral white matter columns and ascends all the way to dorsal column
nuclei in the medulla then it will synapse onto a second sensory neuron that crosses over to the
other side of the medulla and that axon will continue to ascend now on the contralateral synapse
on the thalamus will then project up to the primary somatosensory cortex.
Somatosensory pathways- Anterolateral pathways: Pain and Temperature - (CORRECT
ANSWER)Sensory information comes in through dorsal root ganglia to the spinal cord and
crosses over to the other side of the spinal cord, and go up to the thalamus and then go to the
primary sensory cortex thalamus (relay station).
Main motor pathways - Corticospinal tract - (CORRECT ANSWER)Begins mainly in the
primary motor cortex (4), where neuron cell bodies project via axons down through the cerebral
white matter and brain stem to reach the spinal cord. In the medulla.
The majority of fibers in the tract (85%) cross over to control movement of the opposite side of
the body (Pyramidal decussation) occurs at the junction between the medulla and spinal cord.
Lesions occurring above the pyramidal decussation produce contralateral weakness with respect
to the lesion, while lesions below the pyramidal decussation will produce ipsilateral weakness.
Upper motor neurons: project from the cortex down to the spinal cord and form synapses onto
lower motor neurons
Lower motor neurons: Located in the anterior horns of the central gray matter of the spinal cord
or in the brainstem motor nuclei. The axons project out of the CNS via the anterior spinal roots
or via the cranial nerves to finally reach muscle cells in the periphery.
3
