Portage Learning BIOD 210 Final Exam
2026/2027 | Genetics | Questions,
Answers & Rationales
Karyotyping is typically done by isolating ________ from a person, staining them,
and taking pictures under a microscope - correct answer-white blood cells
Describe Sickle Cell Anemia - correct answer-People who inherit a mutant copy of
the β-globulin protein from both parents have sickle-cell anemia. The mutant β-
globulin causes the hemoglobin within red blood cells to distort when the oxygen
in the blood is low, and in fact, deforms the cell shape so much that the distorted
cells break very easily. In turn, the loss of the broken cells lowers the total
number of red blood cells, resulting in anemia
In addition, the odd shape of the red blood cells actually causes blockages in small
blood vessels, which causes pain and damage to the brain, heart, muscles, and
kidneys. The condition is especially exacerbated under atmospheric conditions
where oxygen is lower, so people with sickle-cell anemia can become extremely
sick at high altitudes.
Why did Mendel use a pea plant for his studies? - correct answer-- Easy to grow
and breed
- Self-fertilizing
- Easy to cross-breed
, A __________ cross occurs when two pure individual parental strains are mated
that contrast ONLY in the trait that is being observed - correct answer-
monohybrid
In genetics, _______ refers to the original parental generation - correct answer-
P1
The first set of offspring from the parents are called the ___ generation, which
stands for ______________. - correct answer-F1 , first filial generation
The term _____________ is used to describe the physical manifestation of any
trait - correct answer-phenotype
In the second generation of a heterozygous monohybrid cross, what percentage
of the offspring have the dominant phenotype? recessive? - correct answer-75%,
25%
the ratio is 3:1
Define gene - correct answer-a gene is defined as a unit of heredity that is
transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some
characteristic of the offspring
_________ are simply variations of a given gene - correct answer-Alleles
Explain Mendel's 9:3:3:1 dihybrid ratio - correct answer-If F1 generation of a
dihybrid cross is crossed, it will result in the 9:3:3:1 ratio of offspring
2026/2027 | Genetics | Questions,
Answers & Rationales
Karyotyping is typically done by isolating ________ from a person, staining them,
and taking pictures under a microscope - correct answer-white blood cells
Describe Sickle Cell Anemia - correct answer-People who inherit a mutant copy of
the β-globulin protein from both parents have sickle-cell anemia. The mutant β-
globulin causes the hemoglobin within red blood cells to distort when the oxygen
in the blood is low, and in fact, deforms the cell shape so much that the distorted
cells break very easily. In turn, the loss of the broken cells lowers the total
number of red blood cells, resulting in anemia
In addition, the odd shape of the red blood cells actually causes blockages in small
blood vessels, which causes pain and damage to the brain, heart, muscles, and
kidneys. The condition is especially exacerbated under atmospheric conditions
where oxygen is lower, so people with sickle-cell anemia can become extremely
sick at high altitudes.
Why did Mendel use a pea plant for his studies? - correct answer-- Easy to grow
and breed
- Self-fertilizing
- Easy to cross-breed
, A __________ cross occurs when two pure individual parental strains are mated
that contrast ONLY in the trait that is being observed - correct answer-
monohybrid
In genetics, _______ refers to the original parental generation - correct answer-
P1
The first set of offspring from the parents are called the ___ generation, which
stands for ______________. - correct answer-F1 , first filial generation
The term _____________ is used to describe the physical manifestation of any
trait - correct answer-phenotype
In the second generation of a heterozygous monohybrid cross, what percentage
of the offspring have the dominant phenotype? recessive? - correct answer-75%,
25%
the ratio is 3:1
Define gene - correct answer-a gene is defined as a unit of heredity that is
transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some
characteristic of the offspring
_________ are simply variations of a given gene - correct answer-Alleles
Explain Mendel's 9:3:3:1 dihybrid ratio - correct answer-If F1 generation of a
dihybrid cross is crossed, it will result in the 9:3:3:1 ratio of offspring
