PSY 357 GCU COMPLETE EXAMINATION
TEST QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
●● What is the concrete operational stage?
Answer: Can perform mental operations- actions that can be performed
on objects or ideas to yield consistent results.
Mental operations are limited to concrete problems in the here and now-
can't deal well with abstract or hypothetical problems
●● Give an example of the concrete operational period.
Answer: a child unconsciously recognizing if nothing is added or taken
away, the amount of something will stay the same.
●● What is the formal operational stage?
Answer: · Can reason abstractly and hypothetically
· Use deductive reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the facts
Engage in combinatorial reasoning to generate all the different ways a
given number of items can be arranged.
●● give an example of the formal operational period.
,Answer: mixing clear liquids in various beaker through trial and error to
identify which liquids produce the color red
●● What are some criticisms about Piaget's theory of Cognitive
Development?
Answer: · Piaget's theory underestimates cognitive competence in
infants and young children and overestimates cognitive competence in
adolescents
· Piaget's theory is vague concerning processes and mechanisms of
change
· Piaget's stage model does not account for variability in children's
performance
· Piaget's theory undervalues the influence of the sociocultural
environment on cognitive development
· He thought the older you get, the more intelligent you get but research
proves him wrong. We can increase our capacity, but not our
intelligence.
●● Understand how memory works (where things are stored) and who
emphasizes changes in memory efficiency
Answer: Working memory(WM)- temporary storage and use of
information that one needs to perform a task. Ex: looking up and dialing
a new phone number. Anything you are learning for the first time is
stored here. If you choose to store it in long term to reuse later on a test,
info will go back into working memory while applying the memorized
info on the test.
, · Limited in capacity and how long it lasts
Long term memory(LTM): the storehouse for memory that is permanent
and of unlimited capacity
- Information is transferred into LTM, stored in it and retrieved from it
when needed
7 to 8 year olds use less effective learning and memory strategies such as
rehearsal
Older children use more effective learning and memory strategies,
including taking notes/keeping a calendar, organization(structuring new
info into related categories), and elaboration(making new info
memorable by embellishing it)
●● Understand Gardener's theory of Multiple Intelligences and know
each intelligence in detail
Answer: 1-3: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial
4-9: musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal,
naturalistic, existential
Linguistic- knowing the meanings of words, having the ability to use
words to understand new ideas, and using language to convey ideas to
others
TEST QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
●● What is the concrete operational stage?
Answer: Can perform mental operations- actions that can be performed
on objects or ideas to yield consistent results.
Mental operations are limited to concrete problems in the here and now-
can't deal well with abstract or hypothetical problems
●● Give an example of the concrete operational period.
Answer: a child unconsciously recognizing if nothing is added or taken
away, the amount of something will stay the same.
●● What is the formal operational stage?
Answer: · Can reason abstractly and hypothetically
· Use deductive reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the facts
Engage in combinatorial reasoning to generate all the different ways a
given number of items can be arranged.
●● give an example of the formal operational period.
,Answer: mixing clear liquids in various beaker through trial and error to
identify which liquids produce the color red
●● What are some criticisms about Piaget's theory of Cognitive
Development?
Answer: · Piaget's theory underestimates cognitive competence in
infants and young children and overestimates cognitive competence in
adolescents
· Piaget's theory is vague concerning processes and mechanisms of
change
· Piaget's stage model does not account for variability in children's
performance
· Piaget's theory undervalues the influence of the sociocultural
environment on cognitive development
· He thought the older you get, the more intelligent you get but research
proves him wrong. We can increase our capacity, but not our
intelligence.
●● Understand how memory works (where things are stored) and who
emphasizes changes in memory efficiency
Answer: Working memory(WM)- temporary storage and use of
information that one needs to perform a task. Ex: looking up and dialing
a new phone number. Anything you are learning for the first time is
stored here. If you choose to store it in long term to reuse later on a test,
info will go back into working memory while applying the memorized
info on the test.
, · Limited in capacity and how long it lasts
Long term memory(LTM): the storehouse for memory that is permanent
and of unlimited capacity
- Information is transferred into LTM, stored in it and retrieved from it
when needed
7 to 8 year olds use less effective learning and memory strategies such as
rehearsal
Older children use more effective learning and memory strategies,
including taking notes/keeping a calendar, organization(structuring new
info into related categories), and elaboration(making new info
memorable by embellishing it)
●● Understand Gardener's theory of Multiple Intelligences and know
each intelligence in detail
Answer: 1-3: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial
4-9: musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal,
naturalistic, existential
Linguistic- knowing the meanings of words, having the ability to use
words to understand new ideas, and using language to convey ideas to
others
