HSC 300 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Degree of ionization.
Answer: Non-ionized molecules cross biologic membranes more
easily than ionized (charged) molecules
◉ First Pass Metabolism.
Answer: The "fraction" of drug lost during absorption
◉ Which forms are most susceptible to "first pass".
Answer: Oral
◉ Drugs with high "first pass" rate.
Answer: Morphine, propanolol, diazepam, demerol, cimetidine,
lidocaine
◉ Which enzymes in liver may increase following the use of some
drugs (tobacco, alcohol).
Answer: p-450
◉ What happens if there is a decrease in enzyme levels.
,Answer: drug metabolized more slowly so blood level would
increase
◉ Drug half life.
Answer: amount of time it takes for the
concentration of a drug to fall to one-half (50%) of its
blood level at any time
◉ At what percent is the drug "essentially gone".
Answer: 6.25%=1/16 remains (essentially gone)
3.13%-1/32 remains (essentially gone)
◉ Enteral.
Answer: placed directly into the gastrointestinal tract (systemic
effect)
◉ Most common, convenient, least predictable enteral route.
Answer: oral
◉ Route used when patients cannot take oral dose
• Ex: children spit out medication or vomit medication
TX for hemorrhoids.
,Answer: rectal
◉ True or false: rectal route leads to Irregular/unpredictable
absorption.
Answer: true
◉ parenteral.
Answer: bypasses the gastrointestinal tract (systemic effect)
◉ Types of parenteral.
Answer: 1. Intravenous
2. Intramuscular
3. Subcutaneous
4. Intradermal
◉ Intravenous.
Answer: most rapid drug response (i.e. diazepam, phenobarbital)
◉ IV Route Parenteral.
Answer: - Skips ABSORPTION phase
- most rapid drug response
- more predictable response than oral route
, - useful for emergencies, lack of cooperation, nausea
- difficult to remove the drug from systemic circulation, irretrievable
- more potential for allergy, side effects
◉ True or false: Topical administration sensitizes patients to allergy
MORE than systemic routes.
Answer: True
◉ Agonists (complete attachment & produce response).
Answer: Drugs that have a direct stimulatory effect on receptor
◉ Strong agonist.
Answer: produces an effect even when a small number of receptors
are occupied (when a drug has a high affinity, a small dose produces
the desired effect)
◉ What potency does a strong agonist have?.
Answer: high
◉ Weak agonist.
Answer: requires many more receptors to be bound before the
desired effect is produced (when a drug has a low affinity and low
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Degree of ionization.
Answer: Non-ionized molecules cross biologic membranes more
easily than ionized (charged) molecules
◉ First Pass Metabolism.
Answer: The "fraction" of drug lost during absorption
◉ Which forms are most susceptible to "first pass".
Answer: Oral
◉ Drugs with high "first pass" rate.
Answer: Morphine, propanolol, diazepam, demerol, cimetidine,
lidocaine
◉ Which enzymes in liver may increase following the use of some
drugs (tobacco, alcohol).
Answer: p-450
◉ What happens if there is a decrease in enzyme levels.
,Answer: drug metabolized more slowly so blood level would
increase
◉ Drug half life.
Answer: amount of time it takes for the
concentration of a drug to fall to one-half (50%) of its
blood level at any time
◉ At what percent is the drug "essentially gone".
Answer: 6.25%=1/16 remains (essentially gone)
3.13%-1/32 remains (essentially gone)
◉ Enteral.
Answer: placed directly into the gastrointestinal tract (systemic
effect)
◉ Most common, convenient, least predictable enteral route.
Answer: oral
◉ Route used when patients cannot take oral dose
• Ex: children spit out medication or vomit medication
TX for hemorrhoids.
,Answer: rectal
◉ True or false: rectal route leads to Irregular/unpredictable
absorption.
Answer: true
◉ parenteral.
Answer: bypasses the gastrointestinal tract (systemic effect)
◉ Types of parenteral.
Answer: 1. Intravenous
2. Intramuscular
3. Subcutaneous
4. Intradermal
◉ Intravenous.
Answer: most rapid drug response (i.e. diazepam, phenobarbital)
◉ IV Route Parenteral.
Answer: - Skips ABSORPTION phase
- most rapid drug response
- more predictable response than oral route
, - useful for emergencies, lack of cooperation, nausea
- difficult to remove the drug from systemic circulation, irretrievable
- more potential for allergy, side effects
◉ True or false: Topical administration sensitizes patients to allergy
MORE than systemic routes.
Answer: True
◉ Agonists (complete attachment & produce response).
Answer: Drugs that have a direct stimulatory effect on receptor
◉ Strong agonist.
Answer: produces an effect even when a small number of receptors
are occupied (when a drug has a high affinity, a small dose produces
the desired effect)
◉ What potency does a strong agonist have?.
Answer: high
◉ Weak agonist.
Answer: requires many more receptors to be bound before the
desired effect is produced (when a drug has a low affinity and low
