HONDROS NUR 212 EXAM 3 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Criteria for metabolic syndrome.
Answer: Need any 3 of the 5- waist circumference- >40in in men and
>35 in women, Triglycerides- >150 or on drug treatment for high
triglycerides, HDL cholesterol- <40 in men <50 in women or drug
treatment for high cholesterol, BP- >130 sys >85 diastolic or on drug
treatment for HTN, fasting blood glucose >100 or on drug treatment
for elevated blood glucose
◉ Signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
Answer: Impaired fasting blood glucose, HTN, abnormal cholesterol
levels and obesity
◉ counterregulatory hormones- increase blood glucose levels.
Answer: glucagon, epinephrine, GH, cortisol
◉ C peptide in serum and urine.
Answer: useful clinical indicator of pancreatic b cell function and
insulin levels
◉ Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes.
,Answer: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss may occur,
weakness and fatigue
◉ signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
Answer: poor wound healing, recurrent infections, dry skin, 3 Ps,
drowsiness, hunger
◉ Diagnosis of diabetes.
Answer: A1C of 6.5 or higher, fasting plasma glucose level of 126 or
greater, a 2 hour plasma glucose level of 200 or greater during an
OGTT using a glucose load of 75g, in a pt with classic symptoms of
hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss) or
hyperglycemic crisis, a random blood glucose level of 200 or more
◉ A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin).
Answer: provides a measurement of blood glucose levels over the
previous 2 to 3 months
Diseases affecting RBCs (anemia) can influence the AIC
◉ Goal A1C for pts with diabetes.
Answer: less than 7.0
◉ Fructosamine.
, Answer: Is another way to assess glucose levels,, reflects glycemia in
the previous 1 to 3 weeks
◉ Islet cell antoantibody.
Answer: testing is primarily done to help distinguish between
autoimmune type 1 diabetes and diabetes from other causes
◉ Rapid acting insulin (lispro, aspart).
Answer: Onset 10-30 min
Peak- 30 min- 3hr
Duration- 3 - 5 hour
◉ Short acting (regular Humulin R, Novolin R).
Answer: Onset 30min- 1hr
Peak- 2-5hr
Duration- 5-8hr
ONLY INSULIN THAT CAN BE GIVEN IV!!
◉ Intermediate acting insulin (NPH).
Answer: Onset- 1.5-4hr
Peak- 4-12hr
Duration- 12- 18hr
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Criteria for metabolic syndrome.
Answer: Need any 3 of the 5- waist circumference- >40in in men and
>35 in women, Triglycerides- >150 or on drug treatment for high
triglycerides, HDL cholesterol- <40 in men <50 in women or drug
treatment for high cholesterol, BP- >130 sys >85 diastolic or on drug
treatment for HTN, fasting blood glucose >100 or on drug treatment
for elevated blood glucose
◉ Signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
Answer: Impaired fasting blood glucose, HTN, abnormal cholesterol
levels and obesity
◉ counterregulatory hormones- increase blood glucose levels.
Answer: glucagon, epinephrine, GH, cortisol
◉ C peptide in serum and urine.
Answer: useful clinical indicator of pancreatic b cell function and
insulin levels
◉ Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes.
,Answer: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss may occur,
weakness and fatigue
◉ signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
Answer: poor wound healing, recurrent infections, dry skin, 3 Ps,
drowsiness, hunger
◉ Diagnosis of diabetes.
Answer: A1C of 6.5 or higher, fasting plasma glucose level of 126 or
greater, a 2 hour plasma glucose level of 200 or greater during an
OGTT using a glucose load of 75g, in a pt with classic symptoms of
hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss) or
hyperglycemic crisis, a random blood glucose level of 200 or more
◉ A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin).
Answer: provides a measurement of blood glucose levels over the
previous 2 to 3 months
Diseases affecting RBCs (anemia) can influence the AIC
◉ Goal A1C for pts with diabetes.
Answer: less than 7.0
◉ Fructosamine.
, Answer: Is another way to assess glucose levels,, reflects glycemia in
the previous 1 to 3 weeks
◉ Islet cell antoantibody.
Answer: testing is primarily done to help distinguish between
autoimmune type 1 diabetes and diabetes from other causes
◉ Rapid acting insulin (lispro, aspart).
Answer: Onset 10-30 min
Peak- 30 min- 3hr
Duration- 3 - 5 hour
◉ Short acting (regular Humulin R, Novolin R).
Answer: Onset 30min- 1hr
Peak- 2-5hr
Duration- 5-8hr
ONLY INSULIN THAT CAN BE GIVEN IV!!
◉ Intermediate acting insulin (NPH).
Answer: Onset- 1.5-4hr
Peak- 4-12hr
Duration- 12- 18hr
