HONDROS NUR 205 EXAM 3 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ Colorectal risk factors.
Answer: Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates
Diet - intake of animal fats and red meat
◉ Type 1 diabetes.
Answer: -no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the
cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to
build up - acidosis
◉ Type 1 signs and symptoms.
Answer: *abrupt!*
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
,◉ Type 1 treatment.
Answer: Insulin only.
oral agents will not work
◉ DKA patho.
Answer: *abrupt*
1. not enough insulin
2. blood sugar becomes VERY high
3. cells break down protein and fat into energy
4. ketones build up---acidosis
◉ DKA signs and symptoms.
Answer: Ketosis and acidosis
fruity breath
hyperglycemia
dehydration
kussmaul respiration--trying to blow off CO2
◉ DKA treatment.
Answer: IV insulin
Fluid replacement
,Correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalances
◉ Type 2 diabetes.
Answer: Does not produce enough insulin or produces bad insulin
that does not work properly.
onset usually as an adult
◉ Type 2 signs and symptoms.
Answer: Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
◉ Type 2 treatment.
Answer: Diet and exercise
oral hypoglycemia agents--metformin
sometimes insulin
◉ HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) patho.
Answer: *gradual onset*
No acidosis present
, High amount of glucose in the blood
◉ HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) signs and symptoms.
Answer: Hyperglycemia
◉ HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) Treatment.
Answer: Fluid replacement
Correction of electrolyte imbalances
Possible insulin administration
◉ How do the kidneys compensate?.
Answer: Excreting excess acid and bicarb (HCO3)
OR
Retaining hydrogen and bicarb (HCO3)
◉ How do the lungs compensate?.
Answer: Hyperventilating = decreased CO2 = alkalosis
Hypoventilating = increased CO2 = Acidosis
◉ Respiratory Acidosis patho.
Answer: *Lung problem, kidneys compensate*
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ Colorectal risk factors.
Answer: Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates
Diet - intake of animal fats and red meat
◉ Type 1 diabetes.
Answer: -no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the
cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to
build up - acidosis
◉ Type 1 signs and symptoms.
Answer: *abrupt!*
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
,◉ Type 1 treatment.
Answer: Insulin only.
oral agents will not work
◉ DKA patho.
Answer: *abrupt*
1. not enough insulin
2. blood sugar becomes VERY high
3. cells break down protein and fat into energy
4. ketones build up---acidosis
◉ DKA signs and symptoms.
Answer: Ketosis and acidosis
fruity breath
hyperglycemia
dehydration
kussmaul respiration--trying to blow off CO2
◉ DKA treatment.
Answer: IV insulin
Fluid replacement
,Correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalances
◉ Type 2 diabetes.
Answer: Does not produce enough insulin or produces bad insulin
that does not work properly.
onset usually as an adult
◉ Type 2 signs and symptoms.
Answer: Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
◉ Type 2 treatment.
Answer: Diet and exercise
oral hypoglycemia agents--metformin
sometimes insulin
◉ HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) patho.
Answer: *gradual onset*
No acidosis present
, High amount of glucose in the blood
◉ HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) signs and symptoms.
Answer: Hyperglycemia
◉ HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) Treatment.
Answer: Fluid replacement
Correction of electrolyte imbalances
Possible insulin administration
◉ How do the kidneys compensate?.
Answer: Excreting excess acid and bicarb (HCO3)
OR
Retaining hydrogen and bicarb (HCO3)
◉ How do the lungs compensate?.
Answer: Hyperventilating = decreased CO2 = alkalosis
Hypoventilating = increased CO2 = Acidosis
◉ Respiratory Acidosis patho.
Answer: *Lung problem, kidneys compensate*
