NUR 425 Exam 1 Practice Test Questions, Correct
Answers & Rationales | Already Graded A+ | Latest
Update 2026–2027
1. What is multiple sclerosis?
A) A genetic disorder that affects the nervous system
B) An autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system
C) A bacterial infection that affects the brain and spinal cord
D) A viral infection that affects the peripheral nervous system
Correct Answer: B. An autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous
system
Rationale: MS is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS.
2. Which of the following is the primary purpose of surgical asepsis?
A) to clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces
B) to prevent microorganisms from entering body during invasive procedures
C) to prevent exposing the body to microorganisms
D) to sterilize the skin
Correct Answer: B. to prevent microorganisms from entering body during
invasive procedures
Rationale: Sterile technique prevents contamination during invasive procedures.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with Alzheimer's disease who frequently
wanders. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to ensure the patient's
safety while promoting autonomy?
A) Restricting the patient to their room
B) Installing safety locks on doors and windows
C) Encouraging the patient to engage in physical activities
D) Providing a structured daily routine with familiar activities
Correct Answer: D. Providing a structured daily routine with familiar activities
Rationale: Structure reduces wandering and supports orientation while preserving
autonomy.
,4. Explain how hypertension can contribute to the risk of stroke. Which
physiological mechanisms are involved?
A) It increases blood viscosity, leading to clot formation.
B) It causes damage to blood vessels, making them more susceptible to rupture.
C) It decreases heart rate, reducing blood flow to the brain.
D) It lowers blood pressure, which can lead to ischemia.
Correct Answer: B. It causes damage to blood vessels, making them more
susceptible to rupture.
Rationale: Hypertension damages vessel walls, promoting atherosclerosis and
rupture.
5. What is one key action that should be taken to ensure patient safety during a
seizure?
A) Administer medication immediately
B) Restrict the patient's movement
C) Protect the patient from injury
D) Place an object in the patient's mouth
Correct Answer: C. Protect the patient from injury
Rationale: Never restrain or place objects in the mouth; protect from injury.
6. Explain the significance of identifying the stages of Alzheimer's disease in
patient care.
A) It helps in determining the patient's age.
B) It aids in tailoring interventions and support based on the patient's cognitive
decline.
C) It is primarily used for research purposes.
D) It has no impact on treatment decisions.
Correct Answer: B. It aids in tailoring interventions and support based on the
patient's cognitive decline.
Rationale: Staging guides appropriate care and expectations.
7. A patient who is being prepared for surgery says to the nurse, "I am so
worried about the surgery." Which response is most therapeutic?
A) You have nothing to worry about; people have this procedure done all the time.
B) Your surgeon, Dr. Cutter, is excellent and really knows what he is doing.
C) The evidence supports that the open-reduction internal fixation is very low risk.
,D) Surgery can be worrisome for many people. Can you tell me more about what
is bothering you?
Correct Answer: D. Surgery can be worrisome for many people. Can you tell me
more about what is bothering you?
Rationale: Acknowledges feelings and explores concerns.
8. A patient undergoing surgery develops signs of malignant hyperthermia.
What immediate actions should you take?
A) Administer Dantrolene and initiate cooling measures
B) Increase the dosage of anesthetic and monitor vital signs
C) Administer oxygen and prepare for intubation
D) Call for a physician and wait for further instructions
Correct Answer: A. Administer Dantrolene and initiate cooling measures
Rationale: Dantrolene is the antidote; cooling and supportive care are essential.
9. What are the main topics that should be included in patient education
following a surgical procedure?
A) Dietary restrictions and medication schedules
B) Signs of infection and wound care
C) When to ask for pain medication, expectations in physical therapy, drain care,
and safety topics
D) Follow-up appointment scheduling and insurance coverage
E) Physical activity limitations and emotional support resources
Correct Answer: C. When to ask for pain medication, expectations in physical
therapy, drain care, and safety topics
Rationale: Covers immediate postoperative priorities.
10. Which of the following are requirements for informed consent?
A) The owner acknowledges full understanding of the risks associated with the
procedure.
B) The owner agrees to the procedure.
C) The owner has been counseled as to alternate therapies/procedures.
D) The owner understands that every anesthetic procedure carries the risk of
death.
E) None of these.
F) All of these.
, Correct Answer: F. All of these
Rationale: Informed consent requires understanding risks, benefits, alternatives,
and agreement.
11. A patient scheduled for surgery expresses significant anxiety. How would you
implement therapeutic communication?
A) By telling the patient to stop worrying and focus on recovery
B) By actively listening to the patient's fears and providing clear, honest answers
C) By suggesting the patient speak with a surgeon directly
D) By avoiding the topic of surgery to prevent further anxiety
Correct Answer: B. By actively listening to the patient's fears and providing clear,
honest answers
Rationale: Therapeutic communication involves active listening and honesty.
12. What is the nurse's priority when caring for a patient in a Myasthenia Gravis
crisis?
Correct Answer: BREATHING (Answer from key)
Rationale: Respiratory muscle weakness can cause airway compromise.
13. There are three phases in the surgical process: preoperative, intraoperative,
and postoperative. These phases together are referred to as _____, which is the
time before, during, and after surgery.
Correct Answer: perioperative period
Rationale: Perioperative care spans all three phases.
14. What is the primary cause of muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis?
A) Increased acetylcholine production
B) Decreased acetylcholine sensitivity
C) Increased muscle fiber degeneration
D) Decreased nerve impulse transmission
Correct Answer: B. Decreased acetylcholine sensitivity
Rationale: Autoantibodies block/destroy ACh receptors at the neuromuscular
junction.
15. Risk factors for stroke include the following except
A) Hypertension and a family history
B) Arthritis, osteoporosis, and obesity
C) Heart disease and diabetes
Answers & Rationales | Already Graded A+ | Latest
Update 2026–2027
1. What is multiple sclerosis?
A) A genetic disorder that affects the nervous system
B) An autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system
C) A bacterial infection that affects the brain and spinal cord
D) A viral infection that affects the peripheral nervous system
Correct Answer: B. An autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous
system
Rationale: MS is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS.
2. Which of the following is the primary purpose of surgical asepsis?
A) to clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces
B) to prevent microorganisms from entering body during invasive procedures
C) to prevent exposing the body to microorganisms
D) to sterilize the skin
Correct Answer: B. to prevent microorganisms from entering body during
invasive procedures
Rationale: Sterile technique prevents contamination during invasive procedures.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with Alzheimer's disease who frequently
wanders. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to ensure the patient's
safety while promoting autonomy?
A) Restricting the patient to their room
B) Installing safety locks on doors and windows
C) Encouraging the patient to engage in physical activities
D) Providing a structured daily routine with familiar activities
Correct Answer: D. Providing a structured daily routine with familiar activities
Rationale: Structure reduces wandering and supports orientation while preserving
autonomy.
,4. Explain how hypertension can contribute to the risk of stroke. Which
physiological mechanisms are involved?
A) It increases blood viscosity, leading to clot formation.
B) It causes damage to blood vessels, making them more susceptible to rupture.
C) It decreases heart rate, reducing blood flow to the brain.
D) It lowers blood pressure, which can lead to ischemia.
Correct Answer: B. It causes damage to blood vessels, making them more
susceptible to rupture.
Rationale: Hypertension damages vessel walls, promoting atherosclerosis and
rupture.
5. What is one key action that should be taken to ensure patient safety during a
seizure?
A) Administer medication immediately
B) Restrict the patient's movement
C) Protect the patient from injury
D) Place an object in the patient's mouth
Correct Answer: C. Protect the patient from injury
Rationale: Never restrain or place objects in the mouth; protect from injury.
6. Explain the significance of identifying the stages of Alzheimer's disease in
patient care.
A) It helps in determining the patient's age.
B) It aids in tailoring interventions and support based on the patient's cognitive
decline.
C) It is primarily used for research purposes.
D) It has no impact on treatment decisions.
Correct Answer: B. It aids in tailoring interventions and support based on the
patient's cognitive decline.
Rationale: Staging guides appropriate care and expectations.
7. A patient who is being prepared for surgery says to the nurse, "I am so
worried about the surgery." Which response is most therapeutic?
A) You have nothing to worry about; people have this procedure done all the time.
B) Your surgeon, Dr. Cutter, is excellent and really knows what he is doing.
C) The evidence supports that the open-reduction internal fixation is very low risk.
,D) Surgery can be worrisome for many people. Can you tell me more about what
is bothering you?
Correct Answer: D. Surgery can be worrisome for many people. Can you tell me
more about what is bothering you?
Rationale: Acknowledges feelings and explores concerns.
8. A patient undergoing surgery develops signs of malignant hyperthermia.
What immediate actions should you take?
A) Administer Dantrolene and initiate cooling measures
B) Increase the dosage of anesthetic and monitor vital signs
C) Administer oxygen and prepare for intubation
D) Call for a physician and wait for further instructions
Correct Answer: A. Administer Dantrolene and initiate cooling measures
Rationale: Dantrolene is the antidote; cooling and supportive care are essential.
9. What are the main topics that should be included in patient education
following a surgical procedure?
A) Dietary restrictions and medication schedules
B) Signs of infection and wound care
C) When to ask for pain medication, expectations in physical therapy, drain care,
and safety topics
D) Follow-up appointment scheduling and insurance coverage
E) Physical activity limitations and emotional support resources
Correct Answer: C. When to ask for pain medication, expectations in physical
therapy, drain care, and safety topics
Rationale: Covers immediate postoperative priorities.
10. Which of the following are requirements for informed consent?
A) The owner acknowledges full understanding of the risks associated with the
procedure.
B) The owner agrees to the procedure.
C) The owner has been counseled as to alternate therapies/procedures.
D) The owner understands that every anesthetic procedure carries the risk of
death.
E) None of these.
F) All of these.
, Correct Answer: F. All of these
Rationale: Informed consent requires understanding risks, benefits, alternatives,
and agreement.
11. A patient scheduled for surgery expresses significant anxiety. How would you
implement therapeutic communication?
A) By telling the patient to stop worrying and focus on recovery
B) By actively listening to the patient's fears and providing clear, honest answers
C) By suggesting the patient speak with a surgeon directly
D) By avoiding the topic of surgery to prevent further anxiety
Correct Answer: B. By actively listening to the patient's fears and providing clear,
honest answers
Rationale: Therapeutic communication involves active listening and honesty.
12. What is the nurse's priority when caring for a patient in a Myasthenia Gravis
crisis?
Correct Answer: BREATHING (Answer from key)
Rationale: Respiratory muscle weakness can cause airway compromise.
13. There are three phases in the surgical process: preoperative, intraoperative,
and postoperative. These phases together are referred to as _____, which is the
time before, during, and after surgery.
Correct Answer: perioperative period
Rationale: Perioperative care spans all three phases.
14. What is the primary cause of muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis?
A) Increased acetylcholine production
B) Decreased acetylcholine sensitivity
C) Increased muscle fiber degeneration
D) Decreased nerve impulse transmission
Correct Answer: B. Decreased acetylcholine sensitivity
Rationale: Autoantibodies block/destroy ACh receptors at the neuromuscular
junction.
15. Risk factors for stroke include the following except
A) Hypertension and a family history
B) Arthritis, osteoporosis, and obesity
C) Heart disease and diabetes
