,NSG 3280 | Exam 1 | Original Pathophysiology I Practice
NSG 3280 Exam 1 |Pathophysiology I | 2026
Update |100% Correct – Galen College
1. Which statement best describes dysplasia?
A) It is the same as apoptosis
B) It always indicates benign hypertrophy
C) It means normal mature cell organization
D) Dysplasia refers to disordered cell growth and maturation and may precede neoplasia.
Correct Answer: Dysplasia refers to disordered cell growth and maturation and may precede neoplasia.
Rationale: Dysplasia refers to disordered cell growth and maturation and may precede neoplasia. This principle helps
explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early Pathophysiology I.
2. A nurse is applying the concept of prognosis while interpreting a pathophysiology scenario.
Whichstatement is most accurate?
A) It refers only to disease screening
B) It is the prodromal stage
C) It is the initial cause of disease
D) Prognosis is the expected course and outcome of a disease.
Correct Answer: Prognosis is the expected course and outcome of a disease.
Rationale: Prognosis is the expected course and outcome of a disease. This principle helps explain disease
mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early Pathophysiology I. Applying the concept
correctly requires linking cause, cellular response, physiologic stress, and resulting manifestations.
3. A nurse is applying the concept of calcium influx while interpreting a pathophysiology
scenario.Which statement is most accurate?
A) Excess intracellular calcium activates damaging enzymes and contributes to irreversible cell injury.
B) It protects cells from enzyme activation
C) It always improves mitochondrial function
D) It has no role in injury
Correct Answer: Excess intracellular calcium activates damaging enzymes and contributes to irreversible cell
injury.
Rationale: Excess intracellular calcium activates damaging enzymes and contributes to irreversible cell injury. This
principle helps explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early
Pathophysiology I. Applying the concept correctly requires linking cause, cellular response, physiologic stress, and
resulting manifestations.
4. A nurse is applying the concept of compensatory hyperplasia while interpreting a
pathophysiologyscenario. Which statement is most accurate?
A) It is always malignant
B) It is failure of cell replication
C) Compensatory hyperplasia occurs when remaining cells proliferate after partial loss of tissue.
D) It is reduced cell number after tissue loss
Correct Answer: Compensatory hyperplasia occurs when remaining cells proliferate after partial loss of tissue.
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, NSG 3280 | Exam 1 | Original Pathophysiology I Practice
Rationale: Compensatory hyperplasia occurs when remaining cells proliferate after partial loss of tissue. This
principle helps explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early
Pathophysiology I. Applying the concept correctly requires linking cause, cellular response, physiologic stress, and
resulting manifestations.
5. A nurse is applying the concept of pathologic hypertrophy while interpreting a
pathophysiologyscenario. Which statement is most accurate?
A) Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease.
B) It means reduced tissue workload
C) It is always beneficial adaptation
D) It occurs only during normal exercise
Correct Answer: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease.
Rationale: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease. This principle helps
explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early Pathophysiology I.
Applying the concept correctly requires linking cause, cellular response, physiologic stress, and resulting
manifestations.
6. Which statement best describes pathologic hypertrophy?
A) It is always beneficial adaptation
B) It means reduced tissue workload
C) Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease.
D) It occurs only during normal exercise
Correct Answer: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease.
Rationale: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease. This principle helps
explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early Pathophysiology I.
7. Which statement best describes irreversible cell injury?
A) It fully resolves after removing the stressorB) It never involves mitochondria
C) Irreversible injury occurs when cellular damage passes a point beyond recovery and progresses to cell
death.
D) It cannot lead to cell death
Correct Answer: Irreversible injury occurs when cellular damage passes a point beyond recovery and
progresses to cell death.
Rationale: Irreversible injury occurs when cellular damage passes a point beyond recovery and progresses to cell
death. This principle helps explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to
early Pathophysiology I.
8. Which statement best describes metaplasia?
A) Metaplasia is a reversible substitution of one mature cell type for another better able to tolerate stress.
B) It is increased cell number only
C) It is irreversible cell death
D) It is uncontrolled malignant growth
Correct Answer: Metaplasia is a reversible substitution of one mature cell type for another better able to
tolerate stress.
Page 3
NSG 3280 Exam 1 |Pathophysiology I | 2026
Update |100% Correct – Galen College
1. Which statement best describes dysplasia?
A) It is the same as apoptosis
B) It always indicates benign hypertrophy
C) It means normal mature cell organization
D) Dysplasia refers to disordered cell growth and maturation and may precede neoplasia.
Correct Answer: Dysplasia refers to disordered cell growth and maturation and may precede neoplasia.
Rationale: Dysplasia refers to disordered cell growth and maturation and may precede neoplasia. This principle helps
explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early Pathophysiology I.
2. A nurse is applying the concept of prognosis while interpreting a pathophysiology scenario.
Whichstatement is most accurate?
A) It refers only to disease screening
B) It is the prodromal stage
C) It is the initial cause of disease
D) Prognosis is the expected course and outcome of a disease.
Correct Answer: Prognosis is the expected course and outcome of a disease.
Rationale: Prognosis is the expected course and outcome of a disease. This principle helps explain disease
mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early Pathophysiology I. Applying the concept
correctly requires linking cause, cellular response, physiologic stress, and resulting manifestations.
3. A nurse is applying the concept of calcium influx while interpreting a pathophysiology
scenario.Which statement is most accurate?
A) Excess intracellular calcium activates damaging enzymes and contributes to irreversible cell injury.
B) It protects cells from enzyme activation
C) It always improves mitochondrial function
D) It has no role in injury
Correct Answer: Excess intracellular calcium activates damaging enzymes and contributes to irreversible cell
injury.
Rationale: Excess intracellular calcium activates damaging enzymes and contributes to irreversible cell injury. This
principle helps explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early
Pathophysiology I. Applying the concept correctly requires linking cause, cellular response, physiologic stress, and
resulting manifestations.
4. A nurse is applying the concept of compensatory hyperplasia while interpreting a
pathophysiologyscenario. Which statement is most accurate?
A) It is always malignant
B) It is failure of cell replication
C) Compensatory hyperplasia occurs when remaining cells proliferate after partial loss of tissue.
D) It is reduced cell number after tissue loss
Correct Answer: Compensatory hyperplasia occurs when remaining cells proliferate after partial loss of tissue.
Page 2
, NSG 3280 | Exam 1 | Original Pathophysiology I Practice
Rationale: Compensatory hyperplasia occurs when remaining cells proliferate after partial loss of tissue. This
principle helps explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early
Pathophysiology I. Applying the concept correctly requires linking cause, cellular response, physiologic stress, and
resulting manifestations.
5. A nurse is applying the concept of pathologic hypertrophy while interpreting a
pathophysiologyscenario. Which statement is most accurate?
A) Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease.
B) It means reduced tissue workload
C) It is always beneficial adaptation
D) It occurs only during normal exercise
Correct Answer: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease.
Rationale: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease. This principle helps
explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early Pathophysiology I.
Applying the concept correctly requires linking cause, cellular response, physiologic stress, and resulting
manifestations.
6. Which statement best describes pathologic hypertrophy?
A) It is always beneficial adaptation
B) It means reduced tissue workload
C) Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease.
D) It occurs only during normal exercise
Correct Answer: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease.
Rationale: Pathologic hypertrophy occurs in response to harmful chronic workload or disease. This principle helps
explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to early Pathophysiology I.
7. Which statement best describes irreversible cell injury?
A) It fully resolves after removing the stressorB) It never involves mitochondria
C) Irreversible injury occurs when cellular damage passes a point beyond recovery and progresses to cell
death.
D) It cannot lead to cell death
Correct Answer: Irreversible injury occurs when cellular damage passes a point beyond recovery and
progresses to cell death.
Rationale: Irreversible injury occurs when cellular damage passes a point beyond recovery and progresses to cell
death. This principle helps explain disease mechanisms, cellular responses, or physiologic adaptation relevant to
early Pathophysiology I.
8. Which statement best describes metaplasia?
A) Metaplasia is a reversible substitution of one mature cell type for another better able to tolerate stress.
B) It is increased cell number only
C) It is irreversible cell death
D) It is uncontrolled malignant growth
Correct Answer: Metaplasia is a reversible substitution of one mature cell type for another better able to
tolerate stress.
Page 3
