BIO 202 SBU EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE QUESTIONS
2026/2027
Subatomic Particles - Correct answer ✔✔ - Proton (1 amu)
- Neutron (1 amu)
- Electron (1/2000 amu)
Radioactive Isotopes - Correct answer ✔✔ - Cytotoxic agents: help kills cancer cells
- Induce mutations: large DNA deletions
- Biological tracers: label molecules
Water - Correct answer ✔✔ - H bonds give water its cohesiveness
- Stabilize temperature (high specific heat capacity)
- Expansion upon freezing
- Solvent versatility (bc its polar and ionic)
pH - Correct answer ✔✔ - Change in pH is very harmful
- Buffers (weak acids or bases) can be used to keep pH constant
- pH of 4.0 = 10^-4 H+ ions
- pH rises = forward reaction
- pH drops = reverse reaction
- -log(H+)
Simple Sugars - Correct answer ✔✔ - Carbohydrates; Monosaccharides; Glucose
- Bases to nucleotides
- Bases
, - Exchange sugar for ATP
- Deoxyribose (does not have oxygen at carbon 2
- Ribose (does have have oxygen at carbon 2)
Fatty Acids - Correct answer ✔✔ - Hydrophilic head and Hydrophobic Tail
- Sources of food (more energy than glucose)
- Stored as triglycerides and phospholipids
- No C=C bonds = Saturated
- C=C bonds = unsaturated (create bends preventing dense packing)
Hydrophilic Head (Fatty Acids) - Correct answer ✔✔ Contains a carboxyl group
Hydrophobic Tail (Fatty Acids) - Correct answer ✔✔ Long chains of C-C Bonds
Cholesterol - Correct answer ✔✔ Increases fluidity of the bilayer
Nucleotides - Correct answer ✔✔ - Carry ATP, GTP
- Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil (6 membered ring)
- Purines: Adenine, Guanine (5 membered ring + 6 membered ring)
- DNA is a polymer of this
Nucleosides - Correct answer ✔✔ - Base + sugar
- Nucleoside + phosphate group (carbon 5) = nucleotide
Nucleic Acids - Correct answer ✔✔ - Store and transmit genetic information
2026/2027
Subatomic Particles - Correct answer ✔✔ - Proton (1 amu)
- Neutron (1 amu)
- Electron (1/2000 amu)
Radioactive Isotopes - Correct answer ✔✔ - Cytotoxic agents: help kills cancer cells
- Induce mutations: large DNA deletions
- Biological tracers: label molecules
Water - Correct answer ✔✔ - H bonds give water its cohesiveness
- Stabilize temperature (high specific heat capacity)
- Expansion upon freezing
- Solvent versatility (bc its polar and ionic)
pH - Correct answer ✔✔ - Change in pH is very harmful
- Buffers (weak acids or bases) can be used to keep pH constant
- pH of 4.0 = 10^-4 H+ ions
- pH rises = forward reaction
- pH drops = reverse reaction
- -log(H+)
Simple Sugars - Correct answer ✔✔ - Carbohydrates; Monosaccharides; Glucose
- Bases to nucleotides
- Bases
, - Exchange sugar for ATP
- Deoxyribose (does not have oxygen at carbon 2
- Ribose (does have have oxygen at carbon 2)
Fatty Acids - Correct answer ✔✔ - Hydrophilic head and Hydrophobic Tail
- Sources of food (more energy than glucose)
- Stored as triglycerides and phospholipids
- No C=C bonds = Saturated
- C=C bonds = unsaturated (create bends preventing dense packing)
Hydrophilic Head (Fatty Acids) - Correct answer ✔✔ Contains a carboxyl group
Hydrophobic Tail (Fatty Acids) - Correct answer ✔✔ Long chains of C-C Bonds
Cholesterol - Correct answer ✔✔ Increases fluidity of the bilayer
Nucleotides - Correct answer ✔✔ - Carry ATP, GTP
- Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil (6 membered ring)
- Purines: Adenine, Guanine (5 membered ring + 6 membered ring)
- DNA is a polymer of this
Nucleosides - Correct answer ✔✔ - Base + sugar
- Nucleoside + phosphate group (carbon 5) = nucleotide
Nucleic Acids - Correct answer ✔✔ - Store and transmit genetic information
