NUR 631 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | NEW UPDATE
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2026 | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A+ --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
ASSURED ---
200 Exam Questions with Detailed Rationales |
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- Verified Answers | Graded A+ --- --- --- --- ---
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PART 1: CELLULAR FOUNDATIONS & GENETICS
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Question 1 --- ---
Where do we hold DNA inside the cell?
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A) Mitochondria ---
B) Nucleus ---
C) Ribosomes ---
D) Golgi apparatus --- ---
Answer: B --- ---
,Rationale: DNA is held inside the nucleus, which is the control
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center of the cell that directs cellular activities. The nucleus
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
contains chromosomes composed of DNA and proteins.
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Mitochondria (A) contain their own DNA but not the primary--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
genomic DNA; ribosomes (C) are sites of protein synthesis; the
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Golgi apparatus (D) modifies and packages proteins.
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Question 2 --- ---
What is it called when cells commit suicide/programmed cell
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death? ---
A) Necrosis ---
B) Apoptosis ---
C) Autophagy ---
D) Metaplasia ---
Answer: B --- ---
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death that is
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considered physiological and regulated by an internal cellular
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clock. Apoptosis is distinct from necrosis (A), which is pathological
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and involves inflammatory changes. Apoptosis allows for orderly
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removal of cells without triggering inflammation.
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, --
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Question 3 --- ---
What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia?
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A) Breast enlargement during pregnancy --- --- --- ---
B) Liver regeneration after partial removal
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C) Enlargement of cardiac muscle in hypertension --- --- --- --- --- ---
D) Replacement of epithelial cells in smokers --- --- --- --- --- ---
Answer: B --- ---
Rationale: Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive mechanism
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that enables certain organs to regenerate. Removal of part of
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the liver leads to hyperplasia of the remaining liver cells
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(hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss. Breast enlargement --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
during pregnancy (A) is hormonal hyperplasia; cardiac
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enlargement (C) is hypertrophy; epithelial changes in smokers (D) --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --
- is metaplasia.
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Question 4 --- ---
Which tissue type is categorized as epithelial?
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A) Tendons and ligaments --- --- ---
B) Blood vessel endothelium --- --- ---
, C) Blood cells --- ---
D) Cartilage ---
Answer: B --- ---
Rationale: Blood vessel endothelium is categorized as epithelial
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tissue. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines body
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cavities. Endothelium is a specialized type of epithelium that lines
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blood vessels. Tendons and ligaments (A) and cartilage (D) are
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connective tissues; blood cells (C) are formed elements of blood.
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Question 5 --- ---
What is the primary function of lysosomes in the cell?
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A) Protein synthesis --- ---
B) ATP production
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C) Digest organic waste materials
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D) Lipid metabolism --- ---
Answer: C --- ---
Rationale: Lysosomes are the cell's "clean-up crew" that digest
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organic waste materials through autodigestion and autophagy.
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
They function in intracellular digestion and originate from the
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Golgi complex. Protein synthesis (A) occurs at ribosomes; ATP
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | NEW UPDATE
--- --- --- --- --- ---
2026 | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A+ --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
ASSURED ---
200 Exam Questions with Detailed Rationales |
--- --- --- --- --- --- --
- Verified Answers | Graded A+ --- --- --- --- ---
--
-
PART 1: CELLULAR FOUNDATIONS & GENETICS
--- --- --- --- --- ---
Question 1 --- ---
Where do we hold DNA inside the cell?
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
A) Mitochondria ---
B) Nucleus ---
C) Ribosomes ---
D) Golgi apparatus --- ---
Answer: B --- ---
,Rationale: DNA is held inside the nucleus, which is the control
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
center of the cell that directs cellular activities. The nucleus
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
contains chromosomes composed of DNA and proteins.
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Mitochondria (A) contain their own DNA but not the primary--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
genomic DNA; ribosomes (C) are sites of protein synthesis; the
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Golgi apparatus (D) modifies and packages proteins.
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
--
-
Question 2 --- ---
What is it called when cells commit suicide/programmed cell
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
death? ---
A) Necrosis ---
B) Apoptosis ---
C) Autophagy ---
D) Metaplasia ---
Answer: B --- ---
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death that is
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
considered physiological and regulated by an internal cellular
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
clock. Apoptosis is distinct from necrosis (A), which is pathological
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
and involves inflammatory changes. Apoptosis allows for orderly
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
removal of cells without triggering inflammation.
--- --- --- --- --- ---
, --
-
Question 3 --- ---
What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia?
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
A) Breast enlargement during pregnancy --- --- --- ---
B) Liver regeneration after partial removal
--- --- --- --- ---
C) Enlargement of cardiac muscle in hypertension --- --- --- --- --- ---
D) Replacement of epithelial cells in smokers --- --- --- --- --- ---
Answer: B --- ---
Rationale: Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive mechanism
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
that enables certain organs to regenerate. Removal of part of
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
the liver leads to hyperplasia of the remaining liver cells
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
(hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss. Breast enlargement --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
during pregnancy (A) is hormonal hyperplasia; cardiac
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
enlargement (C) is hypertrophy; epithelial changes in smokers (D) --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --
- is metaplasia.
--- ---
--
-
Question 4 --- ---
Which tissue type is categorized as epithelial?
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
A) Tendons and ligaments --- --- ---
B) Blood vessel endothelium --- --- ---
, C) Blood cells --- ---
D) Cartilage ---
Answer: B --- ---
Rationale: Blood vessel endothelium is categorized as epithelial
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
tissue. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines body
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
cavities. Endothelium is a specialized type of epithelium that lines
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
blood vessels. Tendons and ligaments (A) and cartilage (D) are
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
connective tissues; blood cells (C) are formed elements of blood.
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
--
-
Question 5 --- ---
What is the primary function of lysosomes in the cell?
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
A) Protein synthesis --- ---
B) ATP production
--- ---
C) Digest organic waste materials
--- --- --- ---
D) Lipid metabolism --- ---
Answer: C --- ---
Rationale: Lysosomes are the cell's "clean-up crew" that digest
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
organic waste materials through autodigestion and autophagy.
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
They function in intracellular digestion and originate from the
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Golgi complex. Protein synthesis (A) occurs at ribosomes; ATP
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
