1
BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
NOVEMBER EXAM
2026
PAPER 1
Previous exam papers were used to compile these notes. @SACAI NOV 2021, DBE/November 2022 & DBE/November 2021, @SACAI SEP 2021,
NSC SEP 2022, GDE SEP 2021, EC/SEPTEMBER 2023. NSC DBE/NOV 2023. NSC NOVEMBER: BUSINESS STUDIES P1 | 2024. @SACAI NOV 2025.
This document has been compiled to assist Grade 12 learners to prepare purposefully and systematically
for the National Senior Certificate (NSC) Business Studies November 2026 examination.
The content is based on official DBE and SACAI question papers from previous years, including 2021–
2025, and has been compiled to comply with the latest exam paper structure and memorandum
guidelines. Where the same questions appear across different years, the answers have been combined
to give you the most complete and reliable version.
Use these notes as a study guide – not as a substitute for your own work. The aim is to show you how
questions are repeated over time, how key concepts are handled, and how you can consistently score
points by formulating your answers logically, completely, and concisely.
Important: These November notes form part of your complete preparation for the final
Business Studies examination and should be used together with your previous study notes.
Where questions or content from previous November examinations have already been covered
in the Preliminary Examination Paper 1 notes, this has been clearly indicated in these notes. In
such cases, the content has not been unnecessarily repeated. You must revise the relevant
section again in your Preliminary Examination notes.
Important: For the November examination, you still need to revise all your work from Term 1 to
Term 3, including the content that was studied for the Preliminary Examination.
Use the following for your final preparation:
Term 1 notes + Term 2 notes + Term 3/Preliminary Examination notes + these November notes
These November notes mainly focus on:
• new content
• new applications and scenarios
• content that has not yet been fully covered in previous notes
• questions from previous November examination papers that require specific attention
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
The aim is to reduce unnecessary repetition and help you prepare more purposefully for the
final examination.
Good luck with your preparation for the final exam.
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
Contents
Business environment 4
Influences on business environments 4
BUSINESS STRATEGIES 5
Adaptations and challenges of the business environments 5
Business sectors 12
Business operations 13
QUALITY MANAGEMENT 13
Human resource function 15
Section D: Long questions 22
BUSINESS STRATEGIES 23
QUALITY CONTROL 25
LEGISLATION 26
Section A: Short questions
Annual General Meeting A meeting of a company attended by all the shareholders that takes
(AGM) place once a year.
Curriculum Vitae (CV) A Curriculum Vitae (CV) contains an individual’s skills, previous
occupations and special personality traits and is used when applying for
a job.
National Credit Act (NCA) This Act prevents credit from being recklessly granted to consumers.
NCC - National Consumer NCC is the primary regulator of consumer-business interactions in
Commission South Africa and was established to promote and ensure the economic
welfare of consumers.
CPA - The Consumer The CPA obliges both businesses and consumers to act responsibly
Protection Act when carrying out business activities.
Labour Relations Act (LRA) The LRA is an enabling framework that regulates the relationship
between employees and employers and promotes good relations
between trade unions and employer organisations.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Skills Development Act The Skills Development Act (No. 97 of 1998), SDA, was introduced to
(SDA) develop the skills of people in South Africa.
Employment Equity Act The EEA creates an enabling framework of acceptable employment
(EEA) practices and was primarily promulgated/introduced to promote
affirmative action.
The Basic Conditions of The BCEA sets out the minimum conditions that ensure fair labour
Employment Act (BCEA) practices and human resource practices in the workplace.
SETAs - Sectoral Education SETAs are vocational skills training organisations in South Africa that
and Training Authorities identify/describe/manage and create learnerships, internships and
(SETAs) apprenticeships within their jurisdiction.
Porter's Five Forces model Porter's Five Forces model based on the rationale that five forces
determine/influence the competitive strength/position of the business
within the market/industry.
Social Responsibility Index Provides for the measurement of CSR/CSI compliance of companies
(SRI) that helps managers improve their CSR/CSI performance. It is an index
used by the JSE to inform investors about the corporate sustainability
policies and practices of businesses.
Corporate Social Corporate Social Investment (CSI) is the investment of corporate
Investment (CSI) funds/other assets for the core purpose of achieving social outcomes.
Corporate Social Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is how the business manages its
Responsibility (CSR) processes, including time and effort, to positively impact all
stakeholders of the business.
Total Quality Management Total Quality Management (TQM) is an organisation-wide approach to
(TQM) continuously improving the quality of products, services and processes
in order to meet customer needs and expectations.
Financial Intelligence FICA is South Africa's primary anti-money laundering and counter-
Centre Act (FICA) terrorism financing legislation.
SWOT analysis An industry analysis tool/environmental scanning technique that
enables a business to study the internal (micro) and external (market
and macro) environments of a business.
Commission for This regulatory body decides on matters related to labour disputes that
Conciliation, Mediation and cannot be resolved by the parties.
Arbitration (CCMA)
Strategy An action plan to achieve a specific future goal
Backward vertical Charlie's Cheese Factory took over a dairy farm. This is an example of
backward vertical integration.
Business sectors The different categories of business enterprises based on the type of
business/production activity carried out.
Tertiary sector Tertiary sector provides final products and services to customers.
Secondary sector Focuses on the production/processing/conversion/transformation of
natural resources/raw materials into semi-finished/final products.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
NOVEMBER EXAM
2026
PAPER 1
Previous exam papers were used to compile these notes. @SACAI NOV 2021, DBE/November 2022 & DBE/November 2021, @SACAI SEP 2021,
NSC SEP 2022, GDE SEP 2021, EC/SEPTEMBER 2023. NSC DBE/NOV 2023. NSC NOVEMBER: BUSINESS STUDIES P1 | 2024. @SACAI NOV 2025.
This document has been compiled to assist Grade 12 learners to prepare purposefully and systematically
for the National Senior Certificate (NSC) Business Studies November 2026 examination.
The content is based on official DBE and SACAI question papers from previous years, including 2021–
2025, and has been compiled to comply with the latest exam paper structure and memorandum
guidelines. Where the same questions appear across different years, the answers have been combined
to give you the most complete and reliable version.
Use these notes as a study guide – not as a substitute for your own work. The aim is to show you how
questions are repeated over time, how key concepts are handled, and how you can consistently score
points by formulating your answers logically, completely, and concisely.
Important: These November notes form part of your complete preparation for the final
Business Studies examination and should be used together with your previous study notes.
Where questions or content from previous November examinations have already been covered
in the Preliminary Examination Paper 1 notes, this has been clearly indicated in these notes. In
such cases, the content has not been unnecessarily repeated. You must revise the relevant
section again in your Preliminary Examination notes.
Important: For the November examination, you still need to revise all your work from Term 1 to
Term 3, including the content that was studied for the Preliminary Examination.
Use the following for your final preparation:
Term 1 notes + Term 2 notes + Term 3/Preliminary Examination notes + these November notes
These November notes mainly focus on:
• new content
• new applications and scenarios
• content that has not yet been fully covered in previous notes
• questions from previous November examination papers that require specific attention
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
The aim is to reduce unnecessary repetition and help you prepare more purposefully for the
final examination.
Good luck with your preparation for the final exam.
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
Contents
Business environment 4
Influences on business environments 4
BUSINESS STRATEGIES 5
Adaptations and challenges of the business environments 5
Business sectors 12
Business operations 13
QUALITY MANAGEMENT 13
Human resource function 15
Section D: Long questions 22
BUSINESS STRATEGIES 23
QUALITY CONTROL 25
LEGISLATION 26
Section A: Short questions
Annual General Meeting A meeting of a company attended by all the shareholders that takes
(AGM) place once a year.
Curriculum Vitae (CV) A Curriculum Vitae (CV) contains an individual’s skills, previous
occupations and special personality traits and is used when applying for
a job.
National Credit Act (NCA) This Act prevents credit from being recklessly granted to consumers.
NCC - National Consumer NCC is the primary regulator of consumer-business interactions in
Commission South Africa and was established to promote and ensure the economic
welfare of consumers.
CPA - The Consumer The CPA obliges both businesses and consumers to act responsibly
Protection Act when carrying out business activities.
Labour Relations Act (LRA) The LRA is an enabling framework that regulates the relationship
between employees and employers and promotes good relations
between trade unions and employer organisations.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Skills Development Act The Skills Development Act (No. 97 of 1998), SDA, was introduced to
(SDA) develop the skills of people in South Africa.
Employment Equity Act The EEA creates an enabling framework of acceptable employment
(EEA) practices and was primarily promulgated/introduced to promote
affirmative action.
The Basic Conditions of The BCEA sets out the minimum conditions that ensure fair labour
Employment Act (BCEA) practices and human resource practices in the workplace.
SETAs - Sectoral Education SETAs are vocational skills training organisations in South Africa that
and Training Authorities identify/describe/manage and create learnerships, internships and
(SETAs) apprenticeships within their jurisdiction.
Porter's Five Forces model Porter's Five Forces model based on the rationale that five forces
determine/influence the competitive strength/position of the business
within the market/industry.
Social Responsibility Index Provides for the measurement of CSR/CSI compliance of companies
(SRI) that helps managers improve their CSR/CSI performance. It is an index
used by the JSE to inform investors about the corporate sustainability
policies and practices of businesses.
Corporate Social Corporate Social Investment (CSI) is the investment of corporate
Investment (CSI) funds/other assets for the core purpose of achieving social outcomes.
Corporate Social Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is how the business manages its
Responsibility (CSR) processes, including time and effort, to positively impact all
stakeholders of the business.
Total Quality Management Total Quality Management (TQM) is an organisation-wide approach to
(TQM) continuously improving the quality of products, services and processes
in order to meet customer needs and expectations.
Financial Intelligence FICA is South Africa's primary anti-money laundering and counter-
Centre Act (FICA) terrorism financing legislation.
SWOT analysis An industry analysis tool/environmental scanning technique that
enables a business to study the internal (micro) and external (market
and macro) environments of a business.
Commission for This regulatory body decides on matters related to labour disputes that
Conciliation, Mediation and cannot be resolved by the parties.
Arbitration (CCMA)
Strategy An action plan to achieve a specific future goal
Backward vertical Charlie's Cheese Factory took over a dairy farm. This is an example of
backward vertical integration.
Business sectors The different categories of business enterprises based on the type of
business/production activity carried out.
Tertiary sector Tertiary sector provides final products and services to customers.
Secondary sector Focuses on the production/processing/conversion/transformation of
natural resources/raw materials into semi-finished/final products.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
