NUR 529 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE QUESTIONS
2026/2027
Systemic arterial pressure - Correct answer ✔✔ is the main source of afterload on the left heart,
Left ventricle afterload is increased with narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic valve
Stages of Hemostasis - Correct answer ✔✔ Vessel Spasm, formation of the platelet plug, blood
coagulation (clot retraction, clot dissolution)
Vessel Spasm - Correct answer ✔✔ First stage of hemostasis, constricts the vessel and reduces
blood flow. It is a transient event that usually lasts minutes or hours.
Formation of the platelet plug - Correct answer ✔✔ Second stage of hemostasis, 1. platelets are
attracted to damaged vessel wall. 2. activation by sub-endothelial tissue. 3. change from smooth
disks to spiny spheres. 4. exposing glycoprotein receptors on their surfaces. This step requires a
protein molecule called von Willebrand factor that leaks into the injured tissue from the plasma.
(adhesion, activation, aggregation)
During Hemostasis, platelets change from ..... - Correct answer ✔✔ Smooth disks to spiny
spheres
von Willebrand factor - Correct answer ✔✔ Formation of the platelet plug requires a protein
molecule called (helps platelets stick together)
Glycoprotein Receptors - Correct answer ✔✔ Exposed during the formation of the platelet plug
when platelets change from smooth disks to spiny spheres
1.Blood coagulation or development of an insoluble fibrin clot - Correct answer ✔✔ Third step
of hemostasis: stabilization of the plug occurs as the coagulation pathway is activated on the
platelet surface, and fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.
,Thrombocytopenia - Correct answer ✔✔ Results from a decrease in platelet production,
increased sequestration of platelets in the spleen, or decreased platelet survival
Drug induced thrombocytopenia - Correct answer ✔✔ can be from aspirin, atorvastatin,
antibiotics and of course Heparin.
Clot retraction - Correct answer ✔✔ the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot pulls the
edges of the damaged vessel close together, allowing for repair of the vessel lining.
Clot dissolution - Correct answer ✔✔ fibrinolysis occurs through conversion of plasminogen to
plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which is released from damaged endothelial
cells. This conversion results in digestion of fibrin fibers within the clot and the production of
fibrin degradation products.... Clot dissolves.
Immune thrombocytopenia - Correct answer ✔✔ was formally called idiopathic
thrombocytopenia purpura. ITP is the most common thrombocytopenic disorder among
children and often follows an upper respiratory infection.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic - Correct answer ✔✔ rare and caused by a deficiency of the
gene responsible for severing large von Willebrand factor proteins. The unchecked platelet
aggregation results in microvascular occlusions...end organ failure
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders - Correct answer ✔✔ Most often involves small
vessels of mucous membranes and skin, common sites are nose, mouth, GI, uterine
Cutaneous bleeding - Correct answer ✔✔ seen as pinpoint hemorrhages (petechiae), or purple
areas of bruising (purpura)
, Petechiae - Correct answer ✔✔ Occur almost exclusively in conditions of platelet deficiency, not
dysfunction
120 days - Correct answer ✔✔ RBC lifespan
Spleen - Correct answer ✔✔ Breaks down RBC
5 years - Correct answer ✔✔ Almost all bones produce RBCS to maintain growth rate until this
age
Red bone marrow - Correct answer ✔✔ RBCS produced here after birth
20 years - Correct answer ✔✔ Age when red cell production takes place mainly in the
membranous bones of the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and pelvis and red marrow changes to fatty
yellow due to decreased activity
Iron and amino acids - Correct answer ✔✔ Degradation products recycled when RBCS are
broken down
Hematocrit - Correct answer ✔✔ Measures the volume of red cell mass in 100 mL of plasma
volume
Transfusion reaction symptoms - Correct answer ✔✔ •Sensation of heat along the vein where
the blood is being infused
•Flushing of the face
•Urticaria/rash, headache, pain in the lumbar area
•Chills, fever, constricting pain in the chest
•Cramping pain in the abdomen
2026/2027
Systemic arterial pressure - Correct answer ✔✔ is the main source of afterload on the left heart,
Left ventricle afterload is increased with narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic valve
Stages of Hemostasis - Correct answer ✔✔ Vessel Spasm, formation of the platelet plug, blood
coagulation (clot retraction, clot dissolution)
Vessel Spasm - Correct answer ✔✔ First stage of hemostasis, constricts the vessel and reduces
blood flow. It is a transient event that usually lasts minutes or hours.
Formation of the platelet plug - Correct answer ✔✔ Second stage of hemostasis, 1. platelets are
attracted to damaged vessel wall. 2. activation by sub-endothelial tissue. 3. change from smooth
disks to spiny spheres. 4. exposing glycoprotein receptors on their surfaces. This step requires a
protein molecule called von Willebrand factor that leaks into the injured tissue from the plasma.
(adhesion, activation, aggregation)
During Hemostasis, platelets change from ..... - Correct answer ✔✔ Smooth disks to spiny
spheres
von Willebrand factor - Correct answer ✔✔ Formation of the platelet plug requires a protein
molecule called (helps platelets stick together)
Glycoprotein Receptors - Correct answer ✔✔ Exposed during the formation of the platelet plug
when platelets change from smooth disks to spiny spheres
1.Blood coagulation or development of an insoluble fibrin clot - Correct answer ✔✔ Third step
of hemostasis: stabilization of the plug occurs as the coagulation pathway is activated on the
platelet surface, and fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.
,Thrombocytopenia - Correct answer ✔✔ Results from a decrease in platelet production,
increased sequestration of platelets in the spleen, or decreased platelet survival
Drug induced thrombocytopenia - Correct answer ✔✔ can be from aspirin, atorvastatin,
antibiotics and of course Heparin.
Clot retraction - Correct answer ✔✔ the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot pulls the
edges of the damaged vessel close together, allowing for repair of the vessel lining.
Clot dissolution - Correct answer ✔✔ fibrinolysis occurs through conversion of plasminogen to
plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which is released from damaged endothelial
cells. This conversion results in digestion of fibrin fibers within the clot and the production of
fibrin degradation products.... Clot dissolves.
Immune thrombocytopenia - Correct answer ✔✔ was formally called idiopathic
thrombocytopenia purpura. ITP is the most common thrombocytopenic disorder among
children and often follows an upper respiratory infection.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic - Correct answer ✔✔ rare and caused by a deficiency of the
gene responsible for severing large von Willebrand factor proteins. The unchecked platelet
aggregation results in microvascular occlusions...end organ failure
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders - Correct answer ✔✔ Most often involves small
vessels of mucous membranes and skin, common sites are nose, mouth, GI, uterine
Cutaneous bleeding - Correct answer ✔✔ seen as pinpoint hemorrhages (petechiae), or purple
areas of bruising (purpura)
, Petechiae - Correct answer ✔✔ Occur almost exclusively in conditions of platelet deficiency, not
dysfunction
120 days - Correct answer ✔✔ RBC lifespan
Spleen - Correct answer ✔✔ Breaks down RBC
5 years - Correct answer ✔✔ Almost all bones produce RBCS to maintain growth rate until this
age
Red bone marrow - Correct answer ✔✔ RBCS produced here after birth
20 years - Correct answer ✔✔ Age when red cell production takes place mainly in the
membranous bones of the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and pelvis and red marrow changes to fatty
yellow due to decreased activity
Iron and amino acids - Correct answer ✔✔ Degradation products recycled when RBCS are
broken down
Hematocrit - Correct answer ✔✔ Measures the volume of red cell mass in 100 mL of plasma
volume
Transfusion reaction symptoms - Correct answer ✔✔ •Sensation of heat along the vein where
the blood is being infused
•Flushing of the face
•Urticaria/rash, headache, pain in the lumbar area
•Chills, fever, constricting pain in the chest
•Cramping pain in the abdomen
