COMPREHENSIVE FINAL INCOME TAX
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLVED
QUESTIONS
◉ what are headaches?
Answer: Pain or discomfort in the head that may impair daily
functioning and quality of life.
◉ what are primary headaches from?
Answer: No underlying structural pathology.
Tension-type headache
Migraine
Cluster headache
◉ what are secondary headaches from by?
Answer: Result from another medical condition (infection,
hemorrhage, tumor, trauma, hypertension, etc.).
◉ patho for headache?
Answer: Reduced serotonergic activity contributes to headache
hypersensitivity.
,◉ s/s tension headaches?
Answer: Bilateral
Tight/band-like pressure
Mild to moderate
30 minutes to 7 days
No nausea/vomiting
Not worsened by activity
◉ treatment for tension like headaches?
Answer: Acetaminophen
NSAIDs
Nonpharmacologic
Stress reduction
Relaxation
Biofeedback
Massage
Sleep hygiene
◉ s/s migraine headache?
Answer: Diagnostic criteria: At least 2:
Unilateral
Pulsating
,Moderate-severe
Worse with activity
Plus 1:
Nausea/vomiting
Photophobia
Phonophobia
◉ what is an aura?
Answer: neurological event where temporary sensory disturbances,
like flashing lights, blind spots, or tingling, aphasia happen 5 to 60
minutes before or during head pain.
vision
sensory
speech
motor
brainstem
retinal
◉ characteristics of chronic migraine?
Answer: ≥15 headache days/month
3 months
, ◉ migraine triggers?
Answer: Stress
Menstruation
Hormonal changes
Sleep deprivation
Skipped meals
Alcohol
Chocolate
Caffeine (use or withdrawal)
Strong odors
Neck pain
Bright lights
◉ what are first line treatment of mild migraine?
Answer: First line:
NSAIDs
Acetaminophen (mild attacks)
◉ tx for moderate-severe migraine?
Answer: Triptans
Dihydroergotamine (DHE)
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLVED
QUESTIONS
◉ what are headaches?
Answer: Pain or discomfort in the head that may impair daily
functioning and quality of life.
◉ what are primary headaches from?
Answer: No underlying structural pathology.
Tension-type headache
Migraine
Cluster headache
◉ what are secondary headaches from by?
Answer: Result from another medical condition (infection,
hemorrhage, tumor, trauma, hypertension, etc.).
◉ patho for headache?
Answer: Reduced serotonergic activity contributes to headache
hypersensitivity.
,◉ s/s tension headaches?
Answer: Bilateral
Tight/band-like pressure
Mild to moderate
30 minutes to 7 days
No nausea/vomiting
Not worsened by activity
◉ treatment for tension like headaches?
Answer: Acetaminophen
NSAIDs
Nonpharmacologic
Stress reduction
Relaxation
Biofeedback
Massage
Sleep hygiene
◉ s/s migraine headache?
Answer: Diagnostic criteria: At least 2:
Unilateral
Pulsating
,Moderate-severe
Worse with activity
Plus 1:
Nausea/vomiting
Photophobia
Phonophobia
◉ what is an aura?
Answer: neurological event where temporary sensory disturbances,
like flashing lights, blind spots, or tingling, aphasia happen 5 to 60
minutes before or during head pain.
vision
sensory
speech
motor
brainstem
retinal
◉ characteristics of chronic migraine?
Answer: ≥15 headache days/month
3 months
, ◉ migraine triggers?
Answer: Stress
Menstruation
Hormonal changes
Sleep deprivation
Skipped meals
Alcohol
Chocolate
Caffeine (use or withdrawal)
Strong odors
Neck pain
Bright lights
◉ what are first line treatment of mild migraine?
Answer: First line:
NSAIDs
Acetaminophen (mild attacks)
◉ tx for moderate-severe migraine?
Answer: Triptans
Dihydroergotamine (DHE)
