PLTW COMPUTER SCIENCE ESSENTIALS EXAM
VERIFIED TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ artificial intelligence (AI).
Answer: Any program that analyzes its environment and is able to
respond accordingly to achieve an end goal.
◉ assignment.
Answer: A statement that sets or stores a value in a variable.
◉ assignment operator.
Answer: A symbol in code that assigns values from the right side of
an equation (called an operand) to what is on the left side of the
equation. Assigning a value to a variable is a classic example that
uses the "equal to" assignment operator. (Example: color = 255).
◉ authenticate.
Answer: To verify a user's identity.
◉ backlog.
,Answer: A sequential and prioritized list of what needs to be done to
create the app the user wants. The list can be technical requirements
or user centric in the form of user stories.
◉ bash.
Answer: A command processor that typically runs in a text window.
Bash is a text-based way to manipulate a computer's file structure
and execute commands. Bash can also read commands from a file,
called a script. In Cloud9, it is also called the Python Interactive
Interpreter. (Bourne Again Shell)
◉ best-so-far loop.
Answer: A piece of code (loop) that contains a variable which stores
the "best" value as defined by the programmer. Each time the code
executes the loop, the program evaluates whether it finds a "better"
value as defined by the programmer. If it finds one that is better,
then it replaces that variable value with the new value and continues
until it reaches the end of the list.
◉ block.
Answer: `Any sequence of statements in Python that occur at the
same indentation level.
◉ block-based programming language.
,Answer: A means to create computer programs by manipulating
elements graphically rather than using text. Also called visual
programming language.
◉ blog.
Answer: Short for "wed log" it is a regularly updated website or web
page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is
written in an informal or conversational style. A blog is a one-way
form of communication on the web.
◉ boolean algebra.
Answer: The basis of all modern computing, Boolean algebra is
founded on the idea of conditionals and base 2 mathematics. In
Python, the Boolean data type has only two possible conditions:
True or False.
◉ boolean expression.
Answer: A processing decision branch using comparison operators
(= ≠ > <) that is defined to return a Boolean value ("true" or "false").
By using Boolean expression to ask questions, the program can
determine what to do next.
◉ boolean value.
, Answer: One of two values, such as "true" or "false", that allows a
computer to know what step in the conditional statement process to
execute next.
◉ branch.
Answer: An alternative path through a program, often occurring as
the result of the evaluation of an expression in a conditional.
◉ broadcast.
Answer: A command used to trigger or start an event or procedure
in a program.
◉ brute force attack.
Answer: An attempt to discover passwords through trial and error.
Attackers try as many passwords or phrases as possible hoping one
of the guesses is correct.
◉ bulletin board.
Answer: A web application that allows many-to-many
communication through online tools.
◉ call a procedure.
VERIFIED TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ artificial intelligence (AI).
Answer: Any program that analyzes its environment and is able to
respond accordingly to achieve an end goal.
◉ assignment.
Answer: A statement that sets or stores a value in a variable.
◉ assignment operator.
Answer: A symbol in code that assigns values from the right side of
an equation (called an operand) to what is on the left side of the
equation. Assigning a value to a variable is a classic example that
uses the "equal to" assignment operator. (Example: color = 255).
◉ authenticate.
Answer: To verify a user's identity.
◉ backlog.
,Answer: A sequential and prioritized list of what needs to be done to
create the app the user wants. The list can be technical requirements
or user centric in the form of user stories.
◉ bash.
Answer: A command processor that typically runs in a text window.
Bash is a text-based way to manipulate a computer's file structure
and execute commands. Bash can also read commands from a file,
called a script. In Cloud9, it is also called the Python Interactive
Interpreter. (Bourne Again Shell)
◉ best-so-far loop.
Answer: A piece of code (loop) that contains a variable which stores
the "best" value as defined by the programmer. Each time the code
executes the loop, the program evaluates whether it finds a "better"
value as defined by the programmer. If it finds one that is better,
then it replaces that variable value with the new value and continues
until it reaches the end of the list.
◉ block.
Answer: `Any sequence of statements in Python that occur at the
same indentation level.
◉ block-based programming language.
,Answer: A means to create computer programs by manipulating
elements graphically rather than using text. Also called visual
programming language.
◉ blog.
Answer: Short for "wed log" it is a regularly updated website or web
page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is
written in an informal or conversational style. A blog is a one-way
form of communication on the web.
◉ boolean algebra.
Answer: The basis of all modern computing, Boolean algebra is
founded on the idea of conditionals and base 2 mathematics. In
Python, the Boolean data type has only two possible conditions:
True or False.
◉ boolean expression.
Answer: A processing decision branch using comparison operators
(= ≠ > <) that is defined to return a Boolean value ("true" or "false").
By using Boolean expression to ask questions, the program can
determine what to do next.
◉ boolean value.
, Answer: One of two values, such as "true" or "false", that allows a
computer to know what step in the conditional statement process to
execute next.
◉ branch.
Answer: An alternative path through a program, often occurring as
the result of the evaluation of an expression in a conditional.
◉ broadcast.
Answer: A command used to trigger or start an event or procedure
in a program.
◉ brute force attack.
Answer: An attempt to discover passwords through trial and error.
Attackers try as many passwords or phrases as possible hoping one
of the guesses is correct.
◉ bulletin board.
Answer: A web application that allows many-to-many
communication through online tools.
◉ call a procedure.
