COMLEX LEVEL 1 FULLY SOLVED TEST PAPER
GRADED A+
◉ Decreasing cutoff value.
Answer: Increases sensitivity and decreases specificity
◉ Case-control study.
Answer: Starts with disease status and looks backward for exposure
◉ Case-control best measure.
Answer: Odds ratio
◉ Cohort study.
Answer: Starts with exposure and follows outcomes
◉ Cohort best measure.
Answer: Relative risk
◉ Prospective cohort.
Answer: Forward in time
,◉ Retrospective cohort.
Answer: Uses past data
◉ Cross-sectional study.
Answer: Snapshot in time
◉ RCT.
Answer: Randomized controlled trial
◉ Double-blind study.
Answer: Neither patient nor researcher knows assignment
◉ Meta-analysis.
Answer: Combines multiple studies
◉ Systematic review.
Answer: Comprehensive literature review
◉ Selection bias.
Answer: Nonrandom participant selection
◉ Recall bias.
, Answer: Patients remember exposures inaccurately
◉ Observer bias.
Answer: Researcher expectations affect results
◉ Lead-time bias.
Answer: Earlier diagnosis appears to increase survival
◉ Length-time bias.
Answer: Slow disease appears to survive longer
◉ Confounding variable.
Answer: Associated with both exposure and outcome
◉ Hawthorne effect.
Answer: Subjects change behavior because observed
◉ Response bias.
Answer: Participants answer inaccurately
◉ Publication bias.
Answer: Positive studies more likely published
GRADED A+
◉ Decreasing cutoff value.
Answer: Increases sensitivity and decreases specificity
◉ Case-control study.
Answer: Starts with disease status and looks backward for exposure
◉ Case-control best measure.
Answer: Odds ratio
◉ Cohort study.
Answer: Starts with exposure and follows outcomes
◉ Cohort best measure.
Answer: Relative risk
◉ Prospective cohort.
Answer: Forward in time
,◉ Retrospective cohort.
Answer: Uses past data
◉ Cross-sectional study.
Answer: Snapshot in time
◉ RCT.
Answer: Randomized controlled trial
◉ Double-blind study.
Answer: Neither patient nor researcher knows assignment
◉ Meta-analysis.
Answer: Combines multiple studies
◉ Systematic review.
Answer: Comprehensive literature review
◉ Selection bias.
Answer: Nonrandom participant selection
◉ Recall bias.
, Answer: Patients remember exposures inaccurately
◉ Observer bias.
Answer: Researcher expectations affect results
◉ Lead-time bias.
Answer: Earlier diagnosis appears to increase survival
◉ Length-time bias.
Answer: Slow disease appears to survive longer
◉ Confounding variable.
Answer: Associated with both exposure and outcome
◉ Hawthorne effect.
Answer: Subjects change behavior because observed
◉ Response bias.
Answer: Participants answer inaccurately
◉ Publication bias.
Answer: Positive studies more likely published