ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY - FINAL
EXAM (NURS 6521) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED BY
EXPERTS. 2026/2027 : WALDEN
UNIVERSITY
1. A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed Digoxin. Which electrolyte
imbalance should the Advanced Practice Nurse monitor most closely to prevent Digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia increases the risk of Digoxin toxicity because
Digoxin and potassium compete for the same binding site on the Na+/K+ ATPase pump.
2. Which mechanism of action is characteristic of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of
hypertension?
A. Blocking the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
,B. Directly blocking the Angiotensin II receptors
C. Inhibiting the release of Renin from the kidneys
D. Promoting the excretion of potassium in the distal tubule
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
from converting Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
3. A patient is starting Warfarin (Coumadin) for atrial fibrillation. What is the most important
dietary instruction for this patient?
A. Maintain a consistent daily intake of Vitamin K-rich foods
B. Increase intake of dark leafy greens to stabilize the INR
C. Avoid all foods containing Vitamin K
D. Take a Vitamin K supplement daily
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Warfarin is a Vitamin K antagonist; fluctuations in dietary
Vitamin K intake can cause significant changes in the INR level, so consistency is key.
4. A patient taking Amiodarone for ventricular arrhythmias should have which organ function
monitored periodically due to the drug’s high iodine content?
A. Pancreas
B. Adrenal glands
, C. Thyroid
D. Spleen
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone contains iodine and can cause both
hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism; therefore, TSH levels must be monitored regularly.
5. Which antibiotic class is most frequently associated with the development of Clostridioides
difficile (C. diff) infection?
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Fluoroquinolones
C. Tetracyclines
D. Clindamycin
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: While many antibiotics can cause C. diff, Clindamycin is
classically associated with the highest risk due to its profound effect on normal colonic
flora.
6. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is prescribed Metformin. What is the most serious, though
rare, adverse effect associated with this medication?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Lactic acidosis
EXAM (NURS 6521) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED BY
EXPERTS. 2026/2027 : WALDEN
UNIVERSITY
1. A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed Digoxin. Which electrolyte
imbalance should the Advanced Practice Nurse monitor most closely to prevent Digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia increases the risk of Digoxin toxicity because
Digoxin and potassium compete for the same binding site on the Na+/K+ ATPase pump.
2. Which mechanism of action is characteristic of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of
hypertension?
A. Blocking the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
,B. Directly blocking the Angiotensin II receptors
C. Inhibiting the release of Renin from the kidneys
D. Promoting the excretion of potassium in the distal tubule
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
from converting Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
3. A patient is starting Warfarin (Coumadin) for atrial fibrillation. What is the most important
dietary instruction for this patient?
A. Maintain a consistent daily intake of Vitamin K-rich foods
B. Increase intake of dark leafy greens to stabilize the INR
C. Avoid all foods containing Vitamin K
D. Take a Vitamin K supplement daily
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Warfarin is a Vitamin K antagonist; fluctuations in dietary
Vitamin K intake can cause significant changes in the INR level, so consistency is key.
4. A patient taking Amiodarone for ventricular arrhythmias should have which organ function
monitored periodically due to the drug’s high iodine content?
A. Pancreas
B. Adrenal glands
, C. Thyroid
D. Spleen
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone contains iodine and can cause both
hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism; therefore, TSH levels must be monitored regularly.
5. Which antibiotic class is most frequently associated with the development of Clostridioides
difficile (C. diff) infection?
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Fluoroquinolones
C. Tetracyclines
D. Clindamycin
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: While many antibiotics can cause C. diff, Clindamycin is
classically associated with the highest risk due to its profound effect on normal colonic
flora.
6. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is prescribed Metformin. What is the most serious, though
rare, adverse effect associated with this medication?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Lactic acidosis
